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skeletal system IHS CH.9 lecture 3 (bone development (osteogenesis…
skeletal system IHS CH.9 lecture 3
bones, joints, and cartilage named by shape
bones with circulatory, muscular, nervous and digestive systems work to provide support, protection, movement, blood cell production and nutrient storage
callogen
provides structure, support and strength for skeletal system
bone
stores minerals, fat, and allows red and white blood cell reproduction
epiphysis
end of bone, made of spongy bone
diaphysis
long bone shaft, covered with compact bone
bone growth occurs in epiphyseal plate where epiphysis and diaphysis meet
ligament
connect bone to bone
tendon
connect bone to muscle
cartilage
cushion bones at joints
medullary cavity
stores fat-rich yellow bone marrow
blood vessels and nerves run down this cavity
bone development
bone begins as cartilage
callogen fibers give it strength and structure
osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bone disease
genetic mutation with not enough callogen
osteoblasts
bone-performing cells that begin mineralization process
ossification
process of taking calcium from food and putting it in cartilage to from bones
osteoclasts cells
break down bones during exercise; bones are rebuilt with calcium
osteoporosis
loss of bone mass
affects spongy bone because it's less dense than compact bone
absorptiometry
uses x-ray beams to measure bone mineral density
types of bones
flat bone
protect
long bone
add strength, bears weight
short bone
useful as bridges
irregular bone
complex shape that provides surfaces for tendons and ligaments to attach
bone marking
bumps and grooves used to describe location on bones
division of skeleton
axial skeleton (center axis)
protects body
skull and spine
3 types of ribs form cage
appendicular skeleton (appendages)
provides movement
arm and leg bones
rectoralis girdle (shoulder)
pelvic girdle (pelvis)
joints
diathrosis (synovial joint)
movable
ball and socket joint
provides widest ROM (hip and shoulder)
condylar joints
move in shape of ellipse farther than full circle (wrist and finger)
hinge joints
open and close (elbow and shoulder)
amphiarthroses
movable
synarthroses
immovable