body systems IHS CH.9 lecture 2
hypodermis
intermost layer of skin, beneath dermis
has connective tissue that attaches the skin to the muscle below
made mostly of subcutaneous fat
provides padding
holds in body heat
stores in energy and nutrients
vitamin D
formed when cholesterol in skin is exposed to UV light
pressure ulcer and burns can cause damage to all layers of skin
burns
can be caused by heat, electricity, or chemicals
1st degree
2nd degree
pressure sores cause redness
blister, and damage to the dermis
3rd degree
damage full thickness of the skin and subcutaneous layer
4th degree
extends into muscles tendons and bones
size of burns estimated by rules of nines
muscular system
muscle interact with other body systems to enable stability, movement, breathing, body heat and digestive functions
callogen
gives strength to muscle fibers
muscles
cardiac
pumps blood in heart
smooth (visceral)
found in digestive system
skeletal
connects to bones to move
voluntary
involuntary
involuntary
movement
muscles contract when stimulated and return to original size and shape when relaxed
more muscle used=gets stronger and larger
if muscle not used= shrink
muscle movement function
nerve and blood vessel go together with each muscle
nerve carries electrical impulses from the brain to stimulate muscle and cause it to move
blood vessels feed the muscle protein and other nutrients and carries away waste products
if muscle loses nerve impulse that gives it stimulus of blood supply that carries the nutrient muscle wastes away
muscle dystrophy
cause atrophy and muscle weakness in bones
some forms caused by defective callogen
common in younger males
common type is Duchenne
genetic defect
healthy muscle cells die losing ability to move 2-5 yr of age, 9-12 confined to wheelchair
heart will weaken with diaphragm
no cure
tendinitis
inflamed tendon due to repetitive stress
muscle strain
overstretching of injury to muscle from prolonged use of muscle exertion
back, arms, legs
S&S
swelling, limited movement
Tx
RICE