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An Elderly male patient with stomach cancer and gall bladder removed now…
An Elderly male patient with stomach cancer and gall bladder removed now has a feeding tube installed
A&P of DIGESTIVE TRACT
Mouth
physical digestion begins here
Saliva produce Salivary amylase
Esophagus
responsible for swallowing (peristalsis)
Stomach
produce HCL(chemical)
Cardiac sphincter
prevent acid backflow from the stomach
Fundus
contains gastric glands
Pylorus
secrete gastrin and 2 types of mucus
Pyloric Sphincter
Valve to control the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to small intestine
Small Intestine
Duodenum
first part of small intestine
most of chemical digestion occurs here ( pancreatic enzymes )
bile is release to here to emulsify lipids
lined with Villi ( mucus secretion), Lacteals (absorb fat)
Jejunum
absorbs sugars, amino acids and fatty acids
Ileum
absorb vitamin B12, and whatever products that wasn't absorb in the jejunum
last part of small intestine
Peyer's Patches ( protect body by keep bacteria in the gut )
Large intestine
Ascending colon
absorbing remaining water
solidifying ingestible material to form stool
Transverse colon
absorbing water and electrolytes
moving waste material foward
Descending colon
store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
last stop
electrolytes are absorbed
indigestible food ingredients are decomposed by bacteria
Anus
releases stool
ENZYMES RESPONSIBLE
Carbonhyrdase
breaks down sugars into simple sugars
Mouth
Saliva produce Salivary amylase
pancreas produce some amylase to the small intestine
Lipase
breaks down fat
Small intestine
liver produce bile
bile emulsifies fat
Protease
breaks down protein
Stomach secrete pepsin
pancreas
trypsin,chymotropsin,
small intestine (duodenum)
Nucleases
breaks down nucleic acids
pancreas
BASIC NUTRIENTS OF THE BODY
CARBONHYDRATES
Complex Carbs
Starches ( bread, pasta, rice, potatoes )
Simple Carbs ( sugars )
candy, fruit, ice cream, carbonated drinks
LIPIDS
Linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid)
nuts,seeds, vegetable oils (corn,soy, saffleflower)
Linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid)
fish oil, vegetable oils (canola,soy,flax), walnuts
Cholesterol
organ meats(liver, kidneys,brains), egg yolks, fish roe, small concentration in milk products and meat
PROTEINS
Complete proteins
eggs, milk, milk products, meat (fish, poultry, pork, beef, lamb), soybeans
Incomplete proteins
legumes (lima beans, kidney beans, lentils), nuts and seeds, grains and cereals, vegetable
MINERALS
body requires 7
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium
incorporating minerals into structures makes them stronger
ionized in body fluid
bound to organic compound
form phospholipid, hormones and various proteins
VITAMINS
Function as coenzymes
water soluble
B-complex and vitamin C
absorbed along with water from the GI-tract
without vitamins all carbs, fats, protein we eat would be useless
Fat soluble
vitamins A,D,E and K
are absorbed together with other lipids in the gut
Esophagus, stomach and duodenum is being bypass
Stomach and Duodenum (first part of small intestine) are the 2 organs not able to participate in digestion
HCL is not being secreated by the stomach
all the pancreatic juices don't have a place to go to
liver produces bile, but gall bladder is not releasing it
Eating habits may have led to this
body is not releasing bile
fat is being stored up and not being broken down
no HCL being secreted
protein not getting broken down
other nutrients are not being absorbed and digest
bacteria and viruses are just building up in the gut
pancreatic enzymes are not active ( main source of chemical digestion)
patient will need every thing in liquid form
also extra vitamins and supplements to replace what he cant eat
bile; to emulsify the fat
probably some type of pancreatic enzymes to help/finish what he couldn't digest
water