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Psyc Ch. 2 (Nervous System (Central nervous system (Brain, Spinal cord…
Psyc Ch. 2
Nervous System
Communication occurs along nerves, which are bundles of axons.
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Neuron
Nervous system: Cells, specialized for communication
Glial cells: (glia) Provide structual support and nutrition for neurons, remove waste, and produce the myelin sheath.
Types of neurons: Sensory neurons, Motor neurons, Interneurons.
Parts of the neuron: Cell body, contains a nucleus, provides energy, Dendrites, receive information from other neurons, Axon, sends information to other neurons.
Synaptic transmission
The action potential travels along the axon of the presynaptic neuron; trigger the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in axon terminals.
Important Neurotransmitters : Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Glutamate, GABA, Endorphins
Neurotransmitters cross synaptic gaps and dock on correctly shaped receptor sites on the postsynaptic neurons.
Agonist produces the same effort as a neurotransmitter.
Antagonist blocks or decreases the same effort of a neurotransmitter.
Excitatory message: Postsynaptic neurons more likely to activate and generate an action potential.
Inhibitory message: Postsynaptic neurons less likely to activate.
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The Brain
A complex, integrated, and dynamic system of interconnected neurons.
Capable of changing in response to environmental stimulation: characterized by:
Functional plasticity: Capacity to shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain areas.
Structural plasticity: Capacity to change the physical structure.
Neurogenesis: Capacity to develop new neurons through the lifespan.
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Cerebal context: Wrinkled outer portion of forebrain Divided into two cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum.
Temporal lobe: Primary auditory cortex; processes auditory information
Frontal lobe: Primary motor cortex; controls voluntary movement
Occipital lobe: Primary visual cortex visual information
Parietal lobe: Somatosensory cortex; processes touch and other body information
Paul Broca (1824-1880), Karl Wernicke (1848-1905) Provided evidence for cortical localization of function: some functions processed by one side of brain.
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