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Absolutism (Golden Age of Spanish Art and Literature (El Greco and…

- - - - Book by Miguel de Cervantes
        
        Critics believed that he was mocking chivalry
- - - - Spain's nobles did not have to pay taxes and the burden fell on the lower class
        
        Spain never had middle class because the lower class couldn't form businesses
  - - - Spaniards bought most goods from foreigners
  - - - 1566- angry Protestants swept through Catholic churches
        
        Philip sent army under the Spanish duke of Alva to punish the rebels
        
        1568- the duke executed 1,500 protestants and suspected rebels
- - - - Monarchs tried to impose order by giving themselves more power
        
        The rulers regulated everything from religious worship to social gatherings
        
        Created new government bureaucracies to control their countries' economic life
- - - - 200 Spanish and Venetian ships defeated a large Ottoman fleet in battle near Lepanto.
        
        1588- Philip launched Spanish Armada in an attended to punish Protestant England and their Queen.
        
        This setback weakened spain, but itś wealth gave the appearance of strength for longer.
- - - - Rembrandt Van Rijn - Greatest Dutch artist of the period- "The Night Watch"
      - Jan Vermeer - Chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits
  - - - Merchants of Amsterdam bought a surplus of grain on Poland and crammed it into warehouses & shipped some to southern Europe when prices were the highest
        
        1636- Dutch had the largest fleet of ships in the world-(4,800)
        
        This fleet helped the Dutch East India Company dominate the Asian spice trade and the Indian Ocean Trade.
        
        Gradually, the Dutch replaced the Italian bankers of Europe