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Intestinal Parasites Part I, Ascarids: Roundworms (Toxocara Canis…
Intestinal Parasites Part I
Ascarids: Roundworms
Toxocara Canis
Dog ascarid
Indirect or Direct Life cycle
Transmammary/Transplacental transmission
Tracheal migration
coughing is a clinical sign
ZOONOTIC
Visceral larval migrans
ocular larval migrans
Parascaris equorum
horse ascarid
direct life cycle
common in foals
tracheal migration
coughing is a clinical sign
clinical signs
respiratory signs
colic
diarrhea
intestinal obstruction
Toxocara cati
cat ascarid
transmission
fecal-oral
ingestion of paratenic host
ZOONOTIC
Toxascaris leonina
Definitive host
dog
cat
wild carnivore
less common
transmission
fecal-oral
paratenic hosts
Baylisascaris procyonis
definitive host
raccoons
can infect many species including dogs
transmission
fecal-oral
paratenic host
ZOONOTIC
visceral
ocular
neuro migrans
Heterakis "cecal worm"
definitive host
poultry
intermediate host
earth worms
100% mortality in turkeys
ID
Shell
thick
round
bumpy
Inside
single embryo
Other
ascaris suum
pigs
toxocara vitulorum
cattle
Target Organ
Small Intestine
Hardy in the environment
Hookworms
Ancylostoma caninum
transmission
most common is transdermal
ZOONOTIC
More severe blood loss
Unicineria stenocephala
transmission
most common is fecal-oral
less pathogenic than ancylostoma
less blood loss
ID
Shell
thin
oval
inside
grape clusters
Adults suck blood
can cause severe anemia
Target organ
small intestine
Transmission
all possible routes
Ancylostoma tubaeformae
feline
direct life cycles
Dogs, Cats, Cattle
Strongyles
Strongylus vulgaris
bloodworm
definitive host
horses
ruminants
swine
Target organ
cecum
colon
ID
larger than ascarids
shell
thin wall
Inside
grape clusters
Major source of colic
bloodsuckers can cause ulcers
virtually all grazing horses are infected
subclinical in adults
diarrhea and colic in foals
Ruminant strongyles
Trichostrongylus "hairworm"
Cooperia "bankrupt worm"
Ostertagia "stomach worm"
can be fatal
important helminth in cattle
Haemonchus contortus "blood sucking worm"
severe anemia can be fatal
GI tract parasite
severe diarrhea
blood streaked/mucoid
emaciation
can be fatal
Strongyles oesophagostomum
nodular worm
definitive host
cattle
sheep
goat
swine
ruminants
wildlife
exotic ungulates
direct life cycle
Syngamus trachea
gape worm
definitive host
birds
Clinical sign
gaping
blocks airway
Threadworm
Ova in feces are embryonated
Small and transparent
Capillaria: Threadworm
definitive host
wild mammals
dog
cat
birds
target organ
lung
kidney
intestines
depends on the species
ID
asymmetrical bi polar plugs
ova are resistant
Capillaria vulpis
diarrhea
fecal float
Capillaria plica
eggs are found in urine
cs
pollakiuria
straining
urinary accidents
Trichuris spp: Whipworm
Target organ
cecum
large intestine
ID
bipolar blugs
no operculum
lemon shaped
symmetrical
thin shell
Definitive host
dogs (Trichuris vulpis)
Cats (rare)
Swine (Trichuris suis)
direct life cycle
more effective to find through centrifugation
Dioctophyma renale: giant kidney worm
definitive host
fish eating carnivores
intermediate host
fish
transmission
ingestion of raw fish
CS
hematuria
Dx
urinalysis
Dirofilaria immitis: Heartworm
Definitive host
carnivores
intermediate host
mosquitoes
Target organ
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
adults produce microfilaria
ID
blood
knott's test
filter
buffy coat
serology
Oxyurid: pinworms
ID
oval
operculated
shell
thin
asymmetrical
Oxyuris equi
definitive host
horses
target organ
cecum
colon
eggs attach to perineal hairs
itchy
cellophane tape test
rare in fecal floats
pinworms in other species
rodents
reptiles
common and often non pathogenic
may be commensal
Metastrongylids: Lungworms
Metastrongylus
definitive host
swine
intermediate host
earthworm
CS
barking cough
ID
feces
Filaroides
definitive host
dog
direct life cycle
eggs are immediately infective
ID from feces or sputum
infection eventually blocks airway, lung nodules
dry cough
Aelurostrongylus
definitive host
cat
intermediate host
snails
slugs
CS
coughing
increased RR
swallowed and passed in feces
paratenic hosts
birds
frongs
lizards
mice
Spirurids: Stomach worms
Physalopetera rara
most common in the midwest
definitive host
wild carnivores
dog
cat
reptile
intermediate host
insect
reptile
paratenic host
reptile
amphibian
mammals
transmission
ingestion of infective IH
tissue of ingested paratenic host
CS
vomiting
hx of ingesting insects or prey
eggs are difficult to find in a fecal float
direct smear is preferred or worms in vomit or endoscopy