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The History and Development of the Labour Party (Fabians (set up in 19th…
The History and Development of the Labour Party
Fabians
set up in 19th century. They wanted to achieve socialism through democratic rather than revolutionary means. Today, Fabian societies are important tanks for Labour.
Micheal Foot
Leader of party 1983. His election manifesto has been called 'longest suicide note in history'. Proposed denationalisation and disarmament. Resulted in 1981 party split. They supported more left wing policies
Establishment
Labour party set up in
1900
. A mix of
trade unionists, working class politicians and Fabians
. Helped by the third reform act 1884 giving working class people the vote.
Democratic Socialism
Type of socialism that Labour wanted to introduce. Advocated by Kier Hardie. It is the belief that
capitalism is incompatible with democracy.
Clause IV
In 1918 they drafted their constitution. Clause IV called the labour party to
control the common ownership
of the means of
production, exchange and distribution
. = socialist state
In Power
First in power:
1924
, and again in
1929
. First PM:
Ramsey McDonald
. They had to rely on the support of the liberal party and did not introduce widespread reforms
John Maynard Keynes
A famous
economist
who said
an economy must try to aim for full employment
. State must intervene and borrow or print money to invest in infrastructure. Governments should also have control of the supply of money.
The Beveridge Report
1943 - Report on
improving Standard of Living for everyone
. He outlined 5 evils:
want, squalor, disease, ignorance and idleness
. This was the blueprint for the first welfare state
Clement Attlee
PM from 1945-51. Majority of 159 seats and almost 50% of the vote.
Created the first welfare state
. Created NHS and nationalising major industries (energy, coal, transport, steel). Started UKs nuclear weapons programme
Hugh Gaitskell
Labour leader from 1955-63. Wanted to remove Clause IV and had a mixed economy with more capitalist elements. Strongly opposed by trade unions
New Labour
In power: 1997-2010. Attracted centrist votes. Led by Tony Blair, who favoured more capitalist economic policies (free market, privatisation of financial markets)
Jeremy Corbyn
Successor of Ed Miliband. Labour resorted to more left wing policies for the first time since 1980s. Also led to divisions within labour between Blairites and Corbynites.