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Long Term Causes of the Spanish Civil War (Political Issues (The army…
Long Term Causes of the Spanish Civil War
Economic Problems
Primarily an agricultural economy and agriculture labor was source of employment. It was inefficient and was seasonal
rural workers had to migrant to find work and the majority lived in poverty. The south and central there were landed estates, the latifundia owned by the 'Grandees'
Rioting and disturbance between the rich and the poor in the countryside and the state's Civil Guard was used to crush disorder.
Poor turned to church organizations and the anarchists demanded the redistribuation of land. Spain needed economic modernization
Environment in the industrialized areas led to the growth of trade unionism.
unions' main tool to gain concessions from employers was on strike was blunted by migration of unemployed seasonal workers.
Unions were also divided between anarchist and socialist and the urban workers' political parties had no power. No legal means of affecting change elements of working class.
Economic boom as exports increased. There was a shortages and inflation that led to working-class living standard decling further.
Government failed to capitalize on the war years. The working class militancy had grown and in industrial cities in Catalonia there were violent confrontations.
Socio-political tensions
Catholic church was wealthy and powerful and political influences had led to discuss between church and state.
state secured the banking by guaranteeing its education and elements.
church used wealth and position to gain considerable political and social influence and it was opposed to liberal and modernizing force.
aristocracy and upper classes had close ties, church was more popular and urban area protested the church
Regionalism
Central state opposed the demands for autonomy from Catalonia and the Basque regions, wanted decentralization and independence
There were separate languages and cultures and cultures and independent churches and they industrialized their economies.
there were economic strains between regions, concentrated in the Catalan and Basque regions.
Political protests and strikes were met brutal state suppression, 1918 and 1921,1000 people were killed in protest.
Political Issues
Spain was under a Constitutional Monarchy from 1871, where the king was the head of state and he elected a prime minister who was backed by parlliament
The real power was in the wealthy oligarchs hands, while political control shifted between cliques
Two main parties were liberal and conservatives, limited differences
No mass democratic political parties
Elections were corrupted or rigged
The army retained the powerful position and was seen as the protector
Unpopular with the spanish people and had a great brutality reputation
The leaders were conservatives
Political Divisions
Liberal Movement supported by the middle classes
Much was not achieved in oppossing the conservatives but it did remain a political force for Spain
It remained a political force in Spain in the 1920's and in the late 19th century the PSOE developed in the urban areas but limited impact. The UGT was active though.
Socialist led by Indalecio Prieto and the radical was led by Largo Caballero
A Spanish communist party was developed after the Bolshevik revolution
Anarchists were a major group and were popular along the countryside, they established trade unions and strikes.
Extreme anarchists called Fedracion Anarquista Iberica