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Effects of the Agriculture and Industrial Revolution. (Negative (Climate…
Effects of the Agriculture and Industrial Revolution.
Industrial
Agriculture
Negative
Poor working conditions
Poor living conditions
Low wages
Child labor
Pollution
Industrial towns contained many polluting factories
Negative
Climate change
Deforestation
Genetic engineering
Irrigation problems
Pollutants
Soil degradation
Waste
Improvements
Communication improved
Telegraph
Telephone
Radio
Transportation improved
Ships
Wooden ships -> Iron ships -> Steel ships
Sails
Wind-powered sails -> Steam-powered boilers
Developments
Mass production of goods
Increased numbers of goods
Increased diversity of goods produced
Development of factory system production
Rural-to-urban migration
People left farms to work in cities
Development of capitalism
Financial capital for continued industrial growth
Development and growth of new socio-economic classes
Working class, bourgeoisie, and wealthy industrial class
Commitment to research and development
Investments in new technologies
Industrial and governmental interest in prompting invention, the sciences, and overall industrial growth
Factory system
Developed to replace the domestic system of production
Faster method of prouction
Workers concentrated in a set location
Results of the Industrial Revolution
Economic changes
Expansion of world trade
Factory system
Mass production of goods
Industrial capitalism
Increased standard of living
Unemployment
Political changes
Decline of landed aristocracy
Growth and expansion of democracy
Increased government involvement in society
Increased power of industrialized nations
Nationalism and imperialism stimulated
Rise to power of businesspeople
Social changes
Development and growth of cities
Improved status and earning power of women
Increased in leisure time
Population increases
Problems
Economic insecurity
Increased deadliness of war
Urban slums
etc
Science and research stimulated
The Agriculture Revolution
Agricultural methods had not changed much since the Middle Ages
New tools were created
Hoe
Sickle
Wooden plow
A three-field system
Farmers left 1/3 of the land fallow each year to restore fertility to the soil
Open-field system
Unfenced farms with new improvements made to the land
No significant surplus - only enough food was made to feed the population
Agriculture and Industry
The Industrial Revolution brought machinery to farms
The use of farm machinery meant that fewer farm workers were needed
Displaced farm workers moved to the cities to find work in factories
^ This is called rural-to-urban migration ^
Growing populations in urban cities required farmers to grow more crops
Food to eat
Raw materials (like cotton) for textile factories
Background of the Industrial Revolution
Commercial Revolution
15th, 16th, and 17th centuries
Europeans expanded their power worldwide
Increased geographic knowledge
Colonies in the Americas and Asia
Increased trade and commerce
Guild system could not meet the demands of increasing numbers goods
Scientific Revolution
17th and 18th centuries
Discoveries of Boyle, Lavoisier, Newton, etc
Intellectual Revolution
17th and 18th centuries
Writings of Locke, Voltaire, etc
Atmosphere of discovery and free intellectual inquiry
Greater knowledge of the world
Weakened superstition and tradition
Encouraged learning and the search for better and newer ways of doing things