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Long term causes of the Spanish Civil War (Political (1898: The Spanish…
Long term causes of the Spanish Civil War
Political
1898: The Spanish lose credibility when they lose a war to the United States.
1920: Spain was a constitutional monarchy headed by King Alfonso. The government was corrupt and inefficient.
1924-1929: Rivera suspended the Cortes (Parliament) trial by jury and freedom of speech/press.
1930: Rivera had to resign as government leader
1931: Elections were held and Republicans won all the major cities in Spain. Alfonzo abdicated to avoid a civil war. Spain became a republic.
Religious
The Catholic Church had total power over education since the 1851 Concordat.
1931-1933: Jesuits were expelled, religion in school was banned, and divorce became allowed.
Socio-economic
1924-1929: Rivera ended the war in Morocco and introduced public works schemes (roads, railways, and irrigation). Industrial production increased by threefold.
1909: Problems of poverty for the peasantry and the proletariat had led to bloodshed in the "Tragic Week" in Barcelona.
1931-1933: The huge estates in Spain (Latifunda) were dismantled.
1933: Left wing parties organised strikes, riots, and vandalism.
1934: Coal miners in the Austrias started a strike, but they were ruthlessly slaughtered by the military.
Military
1921: A Spanish army was massacred in Morocco when it tried putting down a rebellion. This defeat delivered a massive blow to Spanish pride.
1923: General Primo de Rivera took control of Spain in a bloodless coup until 1930.
1931-1933: Many army officials were forced to retire early on half pay
1932: General Sanjuro led an army coup to overthrow the government led by Prime Minister Manuel Azana.
A strike in the Asturias was ruthlessly put down by the army led by General Franco.
General Franco assumed control of the military, seized control of Spanish Morocco, and crossed over into mainland Spain to take over the government. This started the Spanish CIvil War.
Regional
1918-1921: 1,000 people were killed in protests against the central government in Barcelona.
1920: Catalonia and the Basque region wanted independence.
1931-1933: Catalonia received some self-government.
1934: The Catalans had their privileges withdrawn and turned against the government.