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topic 4 (the Haber process (high pressure (about 200 atmospheres).…
topic 4
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if a condition of a system at equilibrium changes that that will change to oppose that change - le chandelier's principle
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less reactive a metal is, the more resistant it is to oxidation, because for a metal to react, it forms a positive metal ion by losing electrons (loss of electrons=oxidation)
Relative resistance to oxidation is the same as relative resistance to losing electrons / forming positive metal ions
the most reactive metals will react with cold water to form , metal hydroxide
fairly reactive metals will react with acid to form, metal + acid = salt + hydrogen
all metals will react with oxygen thought some faster than other to form, metal oxide
the only metal that does not reactive with o2, acid or H2o is gold as it is extremely unreactive
You can see if one metal is more reactive than another by using displacement reactions
Easily seen when a salt of the less reactive metal is in the solution
More reactive metal gradually disappears as it forms a solution
Less reactive metal coats the surface of the more reactive metal
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metals form positive ions, if it does this easier it means that it is a more reactive metal
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most metals are extracted from ores in the earths crust
and unreactive metals are uncombined elements
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Metals less reactive than carbon can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with carbon
reduction involves the loss of oxygen, so you are reducing the ores to remove the oxygen to obtain the pure metal
the carbon displaces the metal from its ore
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Phytoextraction
Some plants absorb metal compounds through their roots
They concentrate these compounds into their shoots and leaves
The plants can be burned to produce an ash that contains the metal compounds
Bacterial extraction
Some bacteria absorb metal compounds
produce solutions called leachates
scrap iron can be used to obtain metals from the leachate
Relative resistance to oxidation is the same as relative resistance to losing electrons / forming positive metal ions
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equilibrium:rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction
concentration of reacting substances stay the same
dynamic equilibrium: once the forward and backward reaction reach equilibrium, they keep going