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Police Power: Surveillance (Why Surveillance is Not needed (susceptible to…
Police Power: Surveillance
Definitions
way of accessing data
electron devices
surveillance in transaction with retailers, medical care givers, etc.
electronically networked interactions
World Wide Web
cookies
control of information
surveillance strips
tool selection
subject selection
collection
processing/analysis
interpretation
uses/action
data fate
power differences and on balance favors the more powerful
to regulate behavior and enforce order within their territory
Privacy
Status
Characteristics
Why Surveillance is Needed
improve the quality of decision making
inform policy makers
reduce crime rate
through monitoring and apprehending criminals
through instilling surveillance as a power technique;
that there's a hegemonic power watching you
autonomy
the right or condition of self-government.
freedom from external control or influence; independence.
Panopticon: Ideal form for Bentham is the concept of self-surveillance
Sous-veillance as a powerful tool for refugees
Why Surveillance is Not needed
limits opportunity for intimacy, anonymity and reserve
its effectiveness is still doubted and not proven
susceptible to abuse
criminal
institutional
personal
risk of identity theft
causes anxiety (Nippert-Eng 2010)
tracking of an individual
discriminatory targeting
voyeurism
Violates 4th Amendment Right
ability to blur the public and private spheres
Can be connected to Floridi's view of how the online can change our environment: example, FB is a sureveillance mechanism
Violations of privacy in public
shifting information from one context to another
practices involving collection, collation, and combination of information ( "data mining, profiling, matching")
"chilling" effect on public life
self-surveillance out of fear = objectifies the person
For Foucault this (Panopticon) is an algorithm or a technique of power not an ideal form;
exaggerating the prevention of terrorism
Approaches to Privacy
Neutral Approach
Neutral concept of privacy
Coherence as a value
Concept useful in legal contexts
Reductionism
Deny the utility of privacy as separate concept
Sever conceptual and linguistic links
The concept of Privacy
Andrew von Hirsch
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Ethical Principle)
JJ Thomson
Orin S. Kerr
Reasonable Expectation to Privacy
Fourth Amendment
Four Models of the Fourth Amendment Protection
Private Facts Model
Policy Model
Probabilistic Model
Positive Law Model