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MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (DIRECT EFFECT OF FAILED MITRAL VALVE (RESPIRATION:…

- - - - diminished blood flow to the kidneys can, over time, damage or destroy the delicate filtering mechanisms that extract waste products from the blood; the result can be kidney failure.
      - When the kidneys are not working well, angiotensinogen: which regulates blood pressure, has to work harder to increase blood supply to the kidneys.
      - autonomic imbalance of the activation of the SNS and the reduction of vagal activity
- - - - The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
        
        The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
        
        The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
        
        The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.
        
        HEART RATE (HR): Number of beat per minutes (BPM)
        STROKE VOLUME: Volume of blood ejected during one beat and expressed as milliliters per beat.
        CARDIAC OUTPUT: A measure of how effective the cardiovascular system is in fulfilling its function.
        MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE: the average pressure in a patient's arteries during one cardiac cycle.
        PRELOAD: Stretch of the heart wall due to the load to which a cardiac muscle is subjected before shortening.
        AFTERLOAD: The resistance in arteries to the ejection of blood by the ventricles.
        PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE: the resistance of the arteries to blood flow. As the arteries constrict, the resistance increases and as they dilate, resistance decreases.
  - - - NORMAL SOUNDS OF THE HEART AND THEIR CAUSES
        
        S1 SOUND (LUBB): the closing of the atrioventricular valves
        S2 SOUND (DUBB): closing of the semilunar valves
        
        RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART FUNCTION & BLOOD PRESSURE
        
        As the heart squeezes and pushes the blood through the arteries, the blood pressure goes up. As the heart relaxes, the blood pressure goes down. With each heartbeat, the blood pressure will rise to a maximum level and then fall to a minimum level.
        
        RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART FUNCTION & RESPIRATORY RATE
        
        The Pulmonary Loop: The right side of the heart picks up the oxygen-poor blood from the body and moves it to the lungs for cleaning and re-oxygenating.
        The Systemic Loop: the left side of the heart moves the re-oxygenated blood throughout the body so that every part receives the oxygen it needs.