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Tissue (Connective tissue: (Bone (osseous): (Cell type: (osteoblasts=…

- - - - cell type: fibroblast, plasma cells, macrophages, mast cells & a few white blood cells
      - fiber types: all 3 fibers are present (collage, elastin, reticular)
      - ground substance: gelatinous
      - found everywhere in the body
    - - matrix (cells, fiber, and ground substance) same as areolar tissue, but sparse
      - adipocytes have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplets
      - located beneath the skin, spaces between muscles, on surfaces of heart, within abdomen, surrounding joints
    - - 3-D network of thin reticular fibers in a loose ground substance- contains only reticular fibers
      - together the cells and extracellular matrix form a network called stroma
      - stroma located in liver, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow
  - - - collage fibers are irregularly arranged with fibroblast cells
      - located on dermis of skin, fibrous coverings of kidney, testes, liver, and spleens, and forms capsule of joint
    - - cell type: fibroblasts
      - fiber type: primarily elastic fibers arranged in parallel or interwoven pattern and collagenous fibers interspersed
      - maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries
      - aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
      - located in arteries walls, stomach, bronchi, bladder and spaces between vertebrae
    - - cell type is majority fibroblasts
      - fiber type: tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers
      - ground substance: gel, little ground substance produced
      - mostly avascular, very slow to heal because restorative nutrients and building molecules have difficulty reaching damaged tissue
      - tendons= muscle to bone
      - ligaments= bone to bone at joint
      - fascial sheets= covers muscle
  - - - the most rigid and most common type of cartilage found in body
      - shiny white rubbery substance and closely packed collagen fibers
      - located in articular cartilage at end of long bones in joints, supportive rings in the trachea, and composes most of embryonic skeleton
    - - maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
      - contains collagen fibers and a plethoras of elastic fibers
        
        able to withstand repeated bending
      - found in the ear, nose, and vocal cartilages
    - - to take compression and is the strongest type of cartilage
      - contains thick bundles of collagen fibers
        
        causes rigidity and stiffness
      - fewer chondrocytes
      - usually found merged w/ hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue
      - located in intervertebral discs, pelvic gridle, and knee joint
  - - - collagen fibers and calcium salts (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
    - - Haversian canal= blood and nerve supply
    - - osteoblasts= manufacture fibers that make up the matrix
      - osteoclasts= remodel bone in response to stresses
      - osteogenic= can become osteoblasts
- - - - tight junctions: water tight seal between cells and plasma membrane fused w/ a strip of protein; line the GI or bladder
      - gap junctions: tiny space between plasma membranes of 2 cells, crossed by connexions forming fluid filled tunnels, and there is cell communication with ions and small molecules
  - - - simple= one layer thick
        
        simple squamous: facilitate diffusion of particles and it has selective barriers for small molecules; lungs
        
        simple cuboidal: to secrete and absorb materials, can be found on the lining of ovaries
        
        simple columnar: to protect, absorb, secrete, and lubricate, found in small intestine
      - stratified= many cell layer thick
        
        stratified squamous: protects from abrasions, found in respiratory system
        
        stratified keratinized squamous: for protection and located of epidermis of skin
        
        stratified cuboidal: to protect and located in largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands
        
        stratified columnar: (rare), protects and secretes, located in small amounts in male urethra
      - pseudostratified= single layer of cells where all cells don't reach apical; it appears multilayered because of the nuclei at different levels
        
        secretion of mucus, uses cilia to move material
    - - squamous: flat
      - cuboidal: cube
      - columnar: tall
      - transitional: shape varies w/ tissue stretching
  - - - unicellular exocrine glands: goblet cells = secretes mucin
      - multicellular exocrine glands: branched are compound, unbranched are simple, tubular are flask like shape
    - - merocrine (most glands): cells release their products by exocytosis; saliva, digestive enzymes, & sweat
      - apocrine: smelly sweat and milk, upper part of cell possibly pinches off and dies
      - holocrine (oil gland): whole cell dies and rupture to release their product
- - - - larger size and heavy metabolic requirements
  - - - only one nucleus and striated tissue