Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Eye & The Endocrine System (Major Structures & Functions Of…
The Eye & The Endocrine System
Major Structures & Functions Of The Eye
lens
: focuses light rays onto fovea
optic disc
: region with no receptors; receptors connected to optic nerve
iris
: controls the size of the pupil
pupil
: opening that lets light into eye; changes size depending on the amount of light
fovea
: small depression w/ high concentration of cones (sharp focus)
retina
: layer of sensory receptor cells
rods
: low light (night vision)
cones
: bright light (color)
conjunctiva
: mucus membrane covering the front surface of the sclera & lining the eyelid
sclera
: fibrous "white" part of the eye; protection
ciliary body (muscle)
: controls shape of lens
vitreous humor
: jelly like fluid maintaining eyeball shape (inside the eye)
choroid
: dark pigment layer (under the sclera); contains blood vessels
cornea
: transparent covering
aqueous humor
: water fluid behind cornea
Major Glands/Organs & Their Functions
Pituitary Gland: helps bring hormones into blood stream
Thyroid: produces hormones to regulate metabolic rate
Pancreas: produces hormones and helps with digestion
Major Functions Of The Endocrine System
communicate with cells using chemicals (hormones)
secretes into bloodstream
hormones are intended to keep and maintain homeostasis, regulate growth, sexual reproduction, etc.
made up of cells, tissue, and organs that secrete hormones into body fluids, hormones diffuse into the bloodstream to act on specific target cells
Diseases Associated With The Eye
HYPEROPIA (FARSIGHTEDNESS)
: parallel light rays from distant objects are focused behind the retina, see distant objects well but close objects appear blurry, eyeball is too short
MYOPIA (NEARSIGHTEDNESS):
distant objects are focused in front of the retina, see close objects well but distant objects appear blurry, eyeball is too long
ASTIGMATISM
: unequal curvature in parts of the cornea or lens leading to blurry images
COLOR BLINDNESS
: x-linked condition, inability to perceive colors due to defective cones
GLAUCOMA
: damage to optic nerve causes progressive loss eventually leading to blindness
CONJUNCTIVITIS
: inflammation of the conjunctiva usually from bacteria or viral infection
CATARACTS
: clouding of the lens, lens hardens and becomes opague
Diseases Associated With The Endocrine System
HYPERTHYROIDISM: genetic or caused by tumor on thyroid or over production of thyroid hormone, causing: nervousness, rapid heart beat, weight loss, etc.
GRAVES DIESEASE: auto immune disorder causing hyperthyroidism
HYPOSECRETION OF GH: not enough gh (children: pituitary dwarfism) (adults: no problem)
GOITER: lack of iodine, swelling of the thyroid
HYPERSECRETION OF GH: too much gh, caused by anterior pituitary tumor (children: giantism) (adults: acromegaly
HYPOTHYROIDISM: under-active thyroid, can cause cretinism
DIABETES MELLITUS
CUSHING'S DISEASE: too much cortisol
Names Of The Hormones Produced & Their Target Organs And Functions Of The Hormones