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City leadership and business opportunities (Background (Management…
City leadership and business opportunities
Background
Management
Objectives
Targets
Allocation of resoruces
Monitering
Governance
Coordination
Policy making
Regulation
Leadership
Social process
Mobilisation of energies
Followership
Definition
City leadership involves people and/or organisations that are in the position (both formally and informally) to activate, mobilise and lead social processes that create followership patterns into relevant city outcomes
City outcomes are impacts/results on society (at the city level) of public actions. Outcomes are usually used as indicators to assess/measure the effectiveness of public actions
The reduction of unemployment
The increase in people with a university degree
The reduction of crime rates
The increase of life expectancy
There are four main types of city leadership:
Managerial leadership
Deals with the public services (e.g. housing, healthcare, education, regeneration, leisure, etc.) delivered within a place
Political leadership
Deals with the democratic processes and decisions affecting a place and its citizens
Civic leadership
Deals with all the processes provided by the community and its actors operating outside the traditional realm of the public and private sector
Business leadership
Deals with the processes of creation of value provided by the private sector
Why is it important?
May generate business and social opportunities to achieve relevant city outcomes
Elements of city leadership
Actors
People who are in a formal or informal position to lead
They might be individuals and/or collectives (people and/or organisations)
Structures
Arrangements that enable the pursuit of city leadership
Types of arrangements could be
Electoral (e.g. the existence of a directly elected mayor)
Organisational agreements (e.g. networks, partnerships, etc.)
Processes
Social processes through which leaders create followers
Followers
People who are those mobilised by actors and/or structures and/or processes of each form of city leadership
Followers may be companies in the case of Invest Edinburgh, fans/tourists/sponsors in the case of Leicester, or European policy-makers/other municipalities in the case of Riace and Milton Keynes
Sustainable cities – creating urban environments of the future
Background
How can business contribute to developing more sustainable cities?
Predictions that 7 out of 10 people will be living in urban areas by 2050
Cities are therefore the future
Autonomy
Each city is different
History
Culture
Skills basis
Need autonomy to allow them to build on their uniqueness, play to their strengths and respond to the challenges ahead
Extreme weather
Growing and ageing populations
Resource crunches
This has become difficult as cities have become stripped away from authorities and the state has become more centralised
Conservitive deputy PM
Autonomous cities are leading economic growth
There are large differences n the control that European
cities have over revenue raising and spending
Not controversial however there is the question on who has the power to pull the lever
Should they be able to make procurement decisions, not hampered by national, EU or global rules?
Should they be able to introduce minimum wages for their
area?
A more complex regulatory environment may reduce efficiency for big businesses but smaller businesses will flourish
Bigger businesses will have to improve relationships with cities and will need to adapt to the environment they operate
Participation
Who holds power at the city level?
Heseltine suggests that businesses need to be at the driving seat and setting the rules
If we want to improve the wellbeing of our cities, autonomy cannot just exist for the benefit of a powerful few
Participatory decision-making and participatory
budgeting
Involving affected communities in making the decisions
themselves
Giving a voice to the poorest and most marginalised in society, not just the well-educated and articulate middle classes
Involving local residents can improve (Brazil)
Increased primary healthcare
More schools/nurseries
Provisions of water and waste water systems
For participation to work
We need a good education system that provides students with good maths, English and science, and develop the power of critical thought
Transformation
The ideas are transformational for the future of cities
Businesses will have very different roles to play
As a city gets bigger it will demand more power
The digitally enabled public will demand their voice is heard
Sharing
The vision of the future needs to be the same with the same objectives
We need to find buisness models that will help build communities
We need to bring people together, not segment them
There need to be the correct framework and input from both traditional and new businesses to achieve a goal
There has to be the correct foundations eg good water