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The Industrial revolution and the working class political movements (Class…
The Industrial revolution and the working class political movements
Industrial Revolution
Technological advances
dramatic economic changes
agriculture
less important than industry
industrial capitalism emerged
Great Britain 1750
almost 100 years
affected every sector of the economy
Class-Based Society
end of 18th century
replaced estates system
status depend on wealth and job
French Revolution
abolished privileges of nobility and clergy
new social group
working class
more open society
all citizens equal before the law
great economic inequialities
Three Groups
Upper class
wealthy bourgeoisie
nobility
Middle class
civil servants, lawyers and doctors
small-scale merchants and craftsmen
farmers
Working class
proletariat
peasants
Working Class Movement
Industrial working conditions
Wealthy Bourgeoisie
Higher standards of living
Working class
terrible living conditions
wages too low
14-16 hours a day
child labour
lack of safety and hygiene
no rights
didn't have rights to protest
Early 19th Century
Luddities 1811
workers protested
destroying machines
death penalty
Trade Unions 1830s
associations of workers
mutual assistance
strikes
negotiations failed
Chartist 1838-1848
political reforms
universal manhood suffrage
salaries memebers parliament
laws to protect workers interests
rejected
Demands conceded
Higher Wages
Shorter working days
safety and hygiene
ban on child labour
political reforms
freedom of association
right to strike and protest
universal manhood suffrage
end to MPs property owners
working class representation in Parliament
Revolutionary Ideologies
Marxism
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Main Principles
Class Struggle
gain political power
dictatorship of working classes
new social and political order
communist economy
private property abolished
means of production socialised
proletariat owners of means of production
communist society
class based society dissappear
equal society
without classes
Anarchism
Pierre Joseph Prudhon
Mikhail Bakunin
Main Principles
Individual freedom
direct action
abolition of private property
The International
Second half 19th Century
Leaders of worker's organisations began to meet
Proletariat problems in different countries
Organisation called International
First International
London 1864
Trade Unions, Marxists and Anarchists
Objectives
coordinate worker's action
encourage collective ownership
Dissolved in 1876
Disagreements between anarchists and marxists
Second International
Paris 1889
Objetctives
8 hour working days
May 1st
International day protest for worker's rights
Only socialist parties
Dissolved in 1914 due to First World War