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The Industrial Revolution and the Working class political movements (Class…
The Industrial Revolution and the Working class political movements
Technological advances led
dramatic economic changes.
Agriculture less
important
Industrial capitalism emerged
Great Britain 1750
took almost 100 years.
Class Based-Society
End of the 18th century
ORIGINS
result of late-18th century
revolutions.
French Revolution abolished
privileges
increased importance and power of wealthy
CHARACTERISTICS
People determined by wealth
society more open
Citizens equal before the law.
Society divided
upper class
middle class
working class
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
Wealthy bourgeoisie
higher standards of
living
Working class
Terrible conditions:
Wages too low
worked 14-16 hours day.
Child labour
Lack of safety and hygiene
Workers NO rights.
ORIGINS OF WORKING-CLASS POLITICS
protests against the factory owners
Great Britain organised itself:
Luddites (1811)
protested destroying machines
Trade unions (1830s)
demanded better working
conditions.
Chartist (1838–1848)
demanded political reforms
The working-class movement
Demands:
Higher wages
Shorter working days
Safety and hygiene
Ban child labour
Political reforms
Freedom of association
Right to strike
Universal manhood suffrage
Revolutionary ideologies
Marxism
developed by
Karl Marx
Friedrich
Engels
Class struggle
gain political power
Dictatorship of the working classes
new social and political order
Communist economy
private property abolised
Communist society
Society equal without classes.
Anarchism
developed by
Pierre Joseph Prudhon
Main principles:
Individual freedom
people fight authority
Direct action
each citizen represent himself
Abolition of private property:
society organised into communes.
The International
First International
London 1864.
coordinate workers' action
encourage the collective ownership
1876
dissolved
Second International
Paris in 1889.
eight-hour working day
Only socialist parties
1914
dissolved