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Arrhythmias (May cause (Chest pain, Dizziness, Heart failure, Palpitations…
Arrhythmias
May cause
Chest pain
Dizziness
Heart failure
Palpitations
Syncope (fainting)
No symptoms at all
Sudden death
Sinus arrhythmia
During inspiration
Parasympathetic tone falls and the heart rate quickens
During expiration
Parasympathetic tone increases and so heart rate falls
Fluctuations of autonomic tone result in changes of the sinus discharge rate
This variation is normal especially in children and young adults
Two main types
Tachycardia
Usually asymptomatic unless the rate is very slow
Subdivided into:
Supraventricular tachycardias - arise from the atrium or the AV junction
Ventricular tachycardias - arise from the ventricles
Heart rate is fast (more than 100bpm)
Bradycardia
Usually symptomatic unless the rate is very slow
Normal in athletes owing to increased vagal tone and thus parasympathetic activity
Heart rate is slow (less than 60bpm during the day and less than 50bpm at night)
An abnormality of the cardiac rhythm