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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS (REVOLUTIONARY…
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORKING-CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
What was it?
So agriculture < than industry
Began in GB 1750
Took + than 100 years
Process: Technology led to dramatical € changes
CLASS-BASED SOCIETY
What is that?
A form of social organisation
Appeared in late 18th century
Status depended on €
Characteristics
Open society
You could go up and down
Citizens wew equal beforethe law, but € +-
Class determined by €
3 groups
Upper class
Nobility
Clergy
Middle class
Civil servants and merchants
Farmers with own land
Working class
Proletariat
Peasant
Its origins
Result of late 18th century revolutions
French rev. :forbidden: priviledges for clergy and nobility
.+ power for burgeoisie
New social group: proletariat
REVOLUTIONARY IDEOLOGIES
What were this ideologies?
Appeared in 19th century
Thanks to proletariat
Aim --> workers revolution
Marxism
Developed by Marx & Engels
Class struggle
:forbidden: private property --> controlled by state
Society woluld be =
Anarchism
Developed by Prudhon and Bakunin
Individual freedom
Direct action= no political parties
:forbidden: private property --> controleld by cooperaatives
The Iternational
First International
London 1864
Dissolved 1876 (disageements in the IWA)
Marxists, anarchists nad trade unions
Objective --> coordinate all workers
Second International
Dissolved 1914 --> WW1
1889, only Marxists
Aimed 8 h working day
1st of May --> workers day
WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT
Industrial working conditions
Wealthy burgeoisie
High standards of living
Proletariat
Very low conditions
Child labour
Working day : 14-16 h
No rights
Very low wages
Its origins
Portests agains factory owners 19th century GB
Trade unions (1830s)
Mutual assistance in case of accident or injury
Consequence --> Made illegal
Associations of workers in same industry
Chartist movements (1838-1848)
Laws to protect proletariat
Consequence --> rejected
Demanded political reforms
Universal suffrage
.+ wages
Ludittes (1811)
Consequence --> death penalty for breaking machines
Destroying machines
Demands conceded :checkered_flag:
:forbidden: child labour
Political reforms
Trade unions :check:
Strike and protest : :check:
Universal sufrage
Shorter working days
Everybody could be MP
Higher wages
Working class MPs
.+ safety and hygene