Jim Crow
Reconstruction Era
1866: 13th Amendment is Passed The 13th Amendment Granted citizenship for blacks. A racial caste system with whites on top and blacks on the bottom is established
1865-1877
Jim Crow Era
1877-1950
Civil Rights Era
1950-1964
1865: End of the Civil War Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is established December 24 1865
1870: 15th Amendment is Passes Under the 15th Amendment, blacks are given the right to vote.
1871: 15% of Government officials were black
Modern Era
1964-2020
1877: The Great Compromise marks the final end of the Civil War The Great Compromise was when the North removed soldiers from the south, in exchange for Rutherford B. Hayes to win the election.
1944: Smith v. Allwright This Supreme Court Desicion allows blacks to vote in primary elections.
1946: The Supreme Court Rules that segregation on buses is unconstitutional.
1948: A court decision in Texas rules that a law school for blacks is inferior to whites. "Separate but equal" is challanged.
“Following the Civil War, it was unclear what institutions, laws, or customs would be necessary to maintain white control now that slavery was gone." (pg 27)
“In 1867 at the dawn of the Reconstruction era, no black men held political office in the South, yet three years later, at least 15 percent of all southern elected officials were black.” (29)
“After a brief period of progress during Reconstruction, African Americans found themselves, once again, virtually defenseless.” (32)
“But during the four centuries that slavery flourished, the idea of race flourished as well.” (26)
“White supremacy, over time, became a religion of some sort.”
(26)
“Following the Civil War, it was unclear what institutions, laws, or customs would be necessary to maintain white control now that slavery was gone.” (27)
1950s: Rates of KKK Lynchings soar
“The impressive legislative achievements of this period include the 13th amendment, abolishing slavery.” (29)
“In addition to federal civil rights legislation, the Reconstruction Era brought the expansion of the Freedmen's bureau.” (29)
1960s: Crime Rates soar, including violent and street crime
“As African Americans political power and began the long march toward greater, social and economic equality, whites reacted with panic and outrage.” (30)
“Segregation laws were proposed as part of a deliberate effort to drive a wedge between poor whites and African Americans.” (34)
Early 1960s: Whites use MLK's civil disobedience as proof that blacks are more violent than whites.
“The new racial order known as Jim Crow--a term apparently derived from a minstrel show character was regarded as the final settlement, the return to sanity.”
(35)
“Reconstruction is most typically described as stretching from 1863 when the North freed the slaves to 1877 when it abandoned them and withdrew federal troops from the south.” (35)
1963: MLK's infamous March on Washington
“By 1945 a growing number of whites in the North had concluded that the Jim Crow System would have to be modified.” (35)
“And in 1946 the court ruled that state laws requiring segregation on interstate buses were unconstitutional.”
(36)
1963: After JFK assassination, Lyndon B. Johnson promises to expand rights for blacks.
“The Civil rights act of 1964 formally dismantled the Jim Crow system of discrimination in public accommidations, employment, voting, education, and federal financed activities. (38)
1964: Civil Rights Act is Passed
“Most white people believed African Americans lacked the proper motivation to work, promoting the provisional southern legislatures to adopt black codes.” (28)
1964-1969: More blacks vote in Alabama than ever before
1964: Voter Rights Act is Passed This Act protects all minorities and allows them to vote in all elections.
1970s: Most blacks are employed in blue collar jobs.
1980s: Far fewer blacks are employed, due to massive drug use.
1980s: Welfare queens are reported in the media, and public opinion turns against them.
1985: Media flooded with images of Crack Whores, Crack Dealers, and Crack Babies.
Late 1980s: War on Drugs Begins.
1990s: Politicians want to gain the minority vote.
Early 2000s: 90% of prisoners for drug related crime are black or hispanic.
1877: Sharecropping Reduced to 30%
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1987: Yet by 1987 when the drug war had hit high gear, the industiral employment of black men had dropped down to 28 pcerent.
1987: A study showed that 28 percent of Urban black father had acess to automobiles and in the when you got to the ghetoo area, it dropped to 18 percent.
1947: US Military is desegregated for the first time.
1955-1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott
1952: Brown v. Board of Education desegregated schools.