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IMPERIALISM (First World War (Consequences (Incorporation of women…
IMPERIALISM
First World War
Great War,
1914-918
fought
European countries
colonies
African
Asian
United States,
Japan
Latin American republics
considered a world war.
Causes
Armed Peace
countries competed
certain areas
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Russian Empire
Balkans
France
Alsace-Lorraine
control of colonies,
economic expansion.
Great Britain
merchant navy supremacy
threatened
Pre-war atmosphere
European powers
spend on arms
increase
military capability
prepared for war
Governments
press,
public opinion influenced for war
Pacifist movements
Second International
failed attempts to avoid war
Catholic Church,
28-6-1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
heir Austro Hungarian Empire
assassinated in Sarajevo
capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
shot
Bosnian Serb
nationalist
Austrian government
blamed Serbia
ultimatum,
ignored
Alliances
Austro-Hungarian
war
Serbia
countries supported
one side
another side
based on
own interests
pre-existing alliances
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Central Powers:
Austro-Hungarian Empire
allied
German
empires
joined by Bulgaria
Ottoman
Allies:
Serbia
allied
Triple Entente
France
Great Britain
Russian Empire
join
Belgium,
Japan
Italy
Romania,
United States,
Greece,
Portugal
China
Latin American republics.
1915,
Italy
abandoned its neutrality
joined the Allies
recover
Trieste
Istria
Phases
Initial German
offensives (1914)
Germany
Schlieffen Plan
launching a rapid offensive
Western Front,
invading
Belgium
aim of reaching Paris.
north of France
Not succeed
armies stopped
British
First Battle of the Marne.
French
Japan occupied
German colonies
Pacific and China
Trench warfare (1915–16)
Germany
both sides
defend their positions.
built trenches
new weapons,
machine guns,
heavy artillery,
tanks,
poison gas
flamethrowers
the Allies
break the Western Front,
new military
tactics
attacking the same place.
battleships
submarines.
Incorporation and withdrawal of allies
(1917)
United States
join the war
side of the Allies
because
German submarines
sunk neutral
merchant ships.
supplied
2 more items...
political
social
revolution in the Russian Empire
withdraw from war
1918
End of the war
the Armistice
help of the American troops
Allied forces advance
Second Battle of the Marne).
Exhaustion
ever-increasing lack of resources
Central Powers
seek peace
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated
11/11 Armistice signed.
War economy
Industrial sector:
military equipment
produce
weapons,
cannons,
uniforms.
planes
supplies
production
Agricultural
goods
decreased
enough
labourers
shortages in products
prices increased.
consumer
Governments
intervened to control
distribution
basic goods
food
bread
potatoes
Rationing introduced
black market developed.
Society
Most young men
conscripted
armed forces.
recruited
Women
fill the positions
men left
allowed to do jobs
economic sectors
industry,
transport
offices.
before only done by men,
Consequences
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
Decrease in population
Destruction of the cities
Incorporation of women
workplace
fight for work
Loss of Europe's economic power
material
loans from the US
US
world's leading economic power.
TERRITORIAL
Redistribution of the colonies
new map of Europe
Austro-Hungarian Empire:
Austria,
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
union of Serbia
Montenegro
Slovenia
Macedonia
Croatia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Russian Empire
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania,
Finland
Poland
German Empire:
German Republic,
part of Czechoslovakia
part of Poland.
Ottoman Empire:
Turkey,
Lebanon
Jordan
Syria,
Iraq
Palestine
part of Arabia
Italy
was not satisfied
lost some territory
to Yugoslavia.
received Trieste
from Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Causes of imperial expansion
Finance capitalism
Rapid industrial
development
Colonies provided
industrialised countries
cheap raw materials
new markets
manufactured goods
Symbol of international prestige
powerful countries
compited
control of strategic
locations
Attractive destination emigration
Growing population
look
work
better living standards.
machines replacing workers
Modern world (1870-1914)
Tense international relations
rivalries
France
Germany
Industrialised countries
big productions
colonisation:
raw materials
Consumer society
social inequalities
economic crisis
tension in Europe
no armed conflicts
(only political tension)
increase production
arms
military equipment
Germany's foreign policy
Bismarck alliances
Austria
prevent France recover
Alsace
Lorraine
Russia
Italy
Wilhelm II
dismissed Bismarck
starts
expansionist period
Consequences
Colonies controlled
minority
imposed European
culture:
native people
second class status
racial segregation
Rivalry
imperial powers
WWI
Imbalanced world economy:
wealthy nations controlling
exploiting less developed countries.
. Imperialism
Late 19th -early 20th centuries
Developed countries
took control
other regions
lands all over the world.
became colonies
colonial empires.
colonial empires
European countries,
Japan.
US
Areas of Africa
Oceania.
Asia
LARGEST
Great Britain
France
Peace settlement
1919-1920
Paris Peace Conference
peace
conditions
defeated countries.
US (President Wilson)
Fourteen Points:
League of Nations,
democratic states,
freedom
trade
nation's right to self-determination
respect
rejected
Allied countries
Five separate treaties
ratified by the Allied countries
signed
each defeated countries.
Germany
prohibition
heavy artillery,
submarines;
planes
payment
huge economic reparations;
reduction of territories
Alsace-Lorraine to France
demilitarisation
region of the Rhineland
French border);
division of eastern territories
two parts
Poland
access to the sea.