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Biology 2: Ecology (Levels of Organisation: (Producers: (**Plants/ Algae -…
Biology 2: Ecology
Ecosystem:
Competition:
Plants compete for?
- Light
- Space
- Water
- Minerals
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Abiotic/ Biotic Factors:
Abiotic:
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Abiotic factors that could affect it?
- Light
- Temp
- Moisture levels
- Soil PH / mineral content
- Wind intensity
- CO2 levels for plants, O2 for water amimals
Biotic:
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Factors that affect the Ecosystem:
- Availability of food
- New predators/ Pathogens
- A species outcompeting eachother
Levels of Organisation:
Investigate Pop-size of daises (PRACTICAL):
- Trampled area: put 30m of tape, Place the quadrat at 0m, Count the number and move 2m --> Calculate mean
- Un-Trampled: Repeat practical again --> Compare mean population sizes
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Flow of energy in food chains / Trophic levels:
Sun --> Producer --> Primary consumer --> Secondary --> Tertiary
Decomposers:
- Microorganisms that break down dead 'stuff' by releasing Enzymes
- Small food molecules - Diffuse into the microorganism
Decomposition:
Optimum conditions (Ccontrolled variables) for Rapid decay:
- Temperature - Increased enzyme activity
- Moisture - Microorganisms need water for Bio' processes
- Oxygen - Aerobic
Anaerobic decay:
- Product - Methane (Waste product)
- Use - Biogas generators
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Land use:
Impact of using peat (From bogs) To make cheap compost:
- Area of peat bog decreases
- Reducing biodiversity
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4 ways to reduce land:
- Building
- Quarrying
- Farming
- Dumping waste
Adaptions:
They're classified as 3 groups:
- Structural
- Behavioural
- Functional
Extremephiles:
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Examples of organisms:
- Bacteria in deep sea vents
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Material cycle:
Role of Microorganisms:
- Digest materials --> Decaying them
- The process releases CO2 (Respiration) AND puts mineral ions into the soil
Why is the Carbon Cycle important?
- Cycles carbon by Moving carbon from Organisms to the atmosphere via respiration
- Plants then take the carbon from the atmosphere - Makes O2
Main processes in the Water Cycle:
- Water is evaporated (via sun) and leaves (Via Transpiration)
- Warm water vapour rises (convection) then Cools/ Condenses to form clouds
- Water falls from clouds
Intervention put in place to stop impact on Biodiversity:
- Breeding Endangered species
- Protection/ Regen of rare habitats
- Hedgerows - Farmers growing 1 crop at a time
- Reduction of deforestation & CO2 emissions
- Recycling
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Biomass Transfers
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How is Biomass lost thru Trophic levels?
- Not all of it is eaten (Bones, Skin fur thins that animals , Fur)
- Organisms don't absorb all the food - lost as faeces
- Biomass used to make other stuff is lost - Heat, Energy etc
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Sustainable fisheries:
Mechanisms used to control Fish stocks:
- Control net sizes - Stop young fish dying so they can breed
- Fishing quotas - Prevents overfishing - sustainable number of fish
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Biotechnology:
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Medical use for Bacteria:
- GM Bacteria - Used to produce insulin
- After harvest & Purification - Can treat diabetes
GM Crops can help food security by...
- Increase Crop yield
- Provide food w/ Higher nutrition (Gold rice)
Fusarium:
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How is it Grown?
- On glucose Syrup - Aerobic conditions
- Biomass is harvested & Purified