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Working class political movements (Industrial Revolution (technological…
Working class political movements
Industrial Revolution
technological advances led to
dramatic economic changes.
Agriculture became less
important than industry,
industrial capitalism emerged.
began in Great Britain in about 1750.
it affected every sector of the economy
Class based society
18th century
new form of social organisation
ORIGINS
Result of 18th century revolutions
French Revolution abolished the privileges
CHARACETRISTICS
French Revolution abolished the privileges
society was more open
citizens equal before the law.
Society divided into three
The upper class
wealthy bourgeoisie dominant
the nobility
The middle class
who provided services
who owned their workshops or shops
who cultivated their own lands
The working class
industrial workers proletariat
peasants
Working class movement
CONDITIONS
Wealthy bourgeoisie
higher standards of living
Working class
terrible working and living conditions
Wages too low
worked between 14 and 16 hours a day
Child labour in factories
Lack of safety and hygiene
Workers had no rights
Workers did not have the right to protest
ORIGIN
early 19th century
Luddites (1811)
Trade unions (1830s)
Chartist movement (1838–1848)
DEMANDS
Political reforms
Freedom of association
ban on child labour
The right to strike and protest
Better safety and hygiene
Universal manhood suffrage
Shorter working days
An end to the requirement that MPs be property owners
Higher wages
Working-class representation in Parliament
Revolutionary ideologies
MARXISM
developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Principles to achieve a communist society
The dictatorship of the working classes
The communist economy
The communist society
Class struggle
ANARCHISM
developed by Pierre Joseph Prudhon and Mikhail Bakunin
Main principles
Individual freedom
Direct action
Abolition of private property
The International
Second half of the 19th century
leaders of workers' organisations from various European countries began to meet
First International
London 1864
Its objective was to coordinate workers' action
IWA campaigned for measures to encourage the collective ownership
In 1876 the First International was dissolved
Second International
Paris in 1889
Only included socialist parties
It was dissolved when the First World War began in 1914