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Endocrine System (Major Endocrine glands/organs (Anterior Lobe (Growth…
Endocrine System
Major Endocrine glands/organs
Hypothalamus:Hormones released by the posterior pituitary and hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary
Pituitary Gland (1)Oxytocin:stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and ejection of milk from mammary glands (2)Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH):promotes retention of water by kidneys
Pineal Gland:Melatonin:Involved in rhythmic activities
Thyroid Gland:Thyroxine and triiodothyronine:stimulate and maintain metabolic process
Parathyroid Glands:Parathyroid Hormone (PTH):raises blood calcium level
Thymus:Thymosin: stimulates T cell development
Adrenal Gland and Adrenal Medulla:Epinephrine and Norepinephrine: increases blood glucose; increase metabolic activities
Adrenal Cortex:(1)Glucocorticoids:increase blood glucose, regulated by ACTH(2)Mineralcorticoids:promote reabsorption of Na and secretion of K in kidneys
Pancreas(1)Insulin: lowers blood glucose(2)Glucagen: raises blood glucose
Testes:Androgens:promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
Ovaries:(1)Estrogen:promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics(2)Progesterone:promotes uterine lining growth
Anterior Lobe
Growth Hormone (GH): stimulate growth (bones) and metabolic functions
Prolactin (PRL): stimulates milk production and secretion in females
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates production of ova and sperm
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): stimulates ovaries and testes
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone(TSH): stimulates thryoid gland
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids
Diseases
Pituitary gland:
Acromegaly:over secretion of GH in an adult, tumor of pituitary
Giantism:over secretion of GH before puberty
Diabetes Insipidus:decreased secretion of ADH
Dwarfis:under secretion of GH due to tumor, infection, genetics, or injury
Thyroid Gland
Hyperthyroidism:overactive thyroid gland, increased BMR
Goiter: Hyperactive thyroid or iodine deficiency
Graves Disease:Severe form of hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism: under active thyroid,occurs in infants/ early childhood, and mental & physical growth retardation
Parathyroid Glands:
Hypoparathyroidism:under active parathyroid & low level of calcium in blood
Hyperparathyroidism:over active parathyroid,High level of calcium in blood,Results in kidney stones/weak bones
Adrenal glands:
Cushing's syndrome:Over secretion of glucocorticoids
Addison's disease:Decreased secretion of aldosterone
Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus
decreased secretion of insulin, metabolism of carbs, proteins & fats symptoms include: Hyperglycemia, Polydypsia, Polyphagia, Glucosuria, Wgt loss, Fatigue, Slow healing of wounds, Vision changes
Major Functions
Secretes hormones, regulates metabolism, body growth, activity of cells/organs and sexual development.