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Endocrine System (Names of the hormones produced and their target organs…
Endocrine System
Names of the hormones
produced and their target organs along with functions
Growth hormone
Liver, adipose tissue
Promotes growth , control of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid gland
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
Prolactin
Mammary gland
Milk production
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenal gland
Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids
Luteinizing hormone
Ovary and testis
Control of reproductive function
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Ovary and testis
Control of reproductive function
Antidiuretic hormone
Kidney
Conservation of body water
Oxytocin
Ovary and testis
Stimulates milk ejection and uterine contractions
Diseases associated with the endocrine
system
Cushing's disease. Overproduction of a pituitary gland hormone leads to an overactive adrenal gland. A similar condition called Cushing's syndrome may occur in people, particularly children, who take high doses of corticosteroid medications.
If the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone, a child's bones and body parts may grow abnormally fast. If growth hormone levels are too low, a child can stop growing in height.
The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency.
Hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to weight loss, fast heart rate, sweating, and nervousness. The most common cause for an overactive thyroid is an autoimmune disorder called Grave's disease.
Hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression. The underactive gland can cause slowed development in children. Some types of hypothyroidism are present at birth.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia. These rare, genetic conditions are passed down through families. They cause tumors of the parathyroid, adrenal, and thyroid glands, leading to overproduction of hormones.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Overproduction of androgens interfere with the development of eggs and their release from the female ovaries. PCOS is a leading cause of infertility.
Precocious puberty. Abnormally early puberty that occurs when glands tell the body to release sex hormones too soon in life.
Major endocrine glands/organs and their functions
The major glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs
Hypothalamus: plays a crucial role in many important functions, including: releasing hormones. regulating body temperature
Pituitary:The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain beneath the hypothalamus and is no larger than a pea.
Parathyroid: The parathyroid glands are two pairs of small glands embedded in the surface of the thyroid gland, one pair on each side.
Adrenals:The two adrenal glands are triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands are made up of two parts. The outer part is called the adrenal cortex, and the inner part is called the adrenal medulla.
Pineal Gland:The pineal body, or pineal gland, is located in the middle of the brain. It secretes a hormone called melatonin, which may help regulate the wake-sleep cycle of the body.
The reproductive glands: are the main source of sex hormones. In males, the testes, located in the scrotum, secrete hormones called androgens; the most important of which is testosterone.
Major functions of the
endocrine system
The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical substances produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs.
Hormones are chemical messengers created by the body. They transfer information from one set of cells to another to coordinate the functions of different parts of the body.
Endocrine System Concept Map
By Jose Arcos
Per 2
