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Endocrine system (Hormones producers/target cells/function (Thyroid gland:…
Endocrine system
Hormones producers/target cells/function
Thyroid gland: targets they roof gland and increases metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, helps regulate long bone growth, and neural maturation
Bone: reduces calcium lever in the blood by 2 main mechanisms
Parathyroid gland: targets calcium and raises blood calcium lever by breaking down bone and causing calcium to release
Adrenal cortex: targets most cells and helps control blood sugar levels, helps reduce inflammation
Targets kidney and principle regulator of salt and water balance of body and categor
Adrenal medulla: targets adrenal medulla and primarily to increase cardiac output and to increase glucose levels in the blood
Pancreas(islets): insulin, targets liver siceletal, muscle and helps control blood glucose levels by signaling liver and muscle and fat cells
glucagon, targets liver and prevents blood glucose levels dropping too low
Testes: testosterone, targets tested and aids in development of male reproductive tissues promote secondary sexual characteristics
Ovaries: estrogen and targets uterus, ovaries, bone, breasts and stimulates the pituitary gland in the brain to release hormones that assist in follicular development
-progesterone and targets uterus, ovaries and mainly regulate the condition of inner lining of the uterus
Pineal gland: melatonin, targets pineal and regulated sleep cycle
Thymus: Thymosin and targets thymus and stimulates the production of T cells and assists development of B cells to the plasma cell to produce antibodies
Disease in endocrine system
Hypothyroidism: the thyroid doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone leading to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, and depression
Hyperthyroidism: The thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone leading to weight loss, fast heart rate, swearing, and nervousness
Acromegaly: short stature in children, diabetes, disorders of puberty and reproductive function
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed
Graves’ disease: adrenal insufficiency
Cushing disease: overproduction of pituitary gland hormone leads to an overactive adrenal gland
Hypopituitarism: pituitary releases little or no hormones
Major functions
Produce and secrete hormones
Regulate body growth
Regulate Metabolism
Sexual development and function
Major glands and organs and their functions
Anterior pituitary
Growth hormone
Liver, muscle, bone, cartilage, and other tissues
-promotes growth
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Thyroid glands
stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone
Increases basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, helps regulate long bone growth and neural maturation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Adrenal cortex
-promotes release of glucocorticoid and androgens
Prolactin
Mammary glands
-stimulate milk production by breasts
Follicle stimulating hormone
Ovary, testes
-stimulates production of gametes
Luteinizing hormone
Ovary, testes
-production of gonadal hormones
Posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone
Kidneys
-stimulate kidney tubule cells to reabsorb water from the forming urine back into blood
Oxytocin
Uterus
-stimulates uterine contractions