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Eye Endocrine- Desiree Flores P. 7 (Major structures and function (SCLERA,…
Eye Endocrine- Desiree Flores P. 7
Major structures and function
SCLERA
fibrous “white” part of eye
CHOROID
dark pigment layer (the sclera)
CORNEA
transparent covering
PUPIL
opening that lets light into eye
IRIS
circular muscle; controls the size of pupil
Smooth muscle
Lens
focuses light rays onto
fovea
Ciliary body (muscle)
controls shape of lens
Aqueous Humor
water fluid behind cornea (anterior to the lens)
Vitreous Humor
Jelly like fluid maintains eyeball shape
Retina
Layer of sensory receptor cells
Rods
low light (night vision)
cones
Bright light (colors)
fovea
small depression with high concentration of cones (sharp focus)
optic disc
region with no receptors, receptors connect to optic nerve
conjunctiva
mucous membrane covering the front surface of the sclera lining the eyelid
Diseases of eye
cataracts
clouding of the lens
glaucoma
drainage of aqueous humor is blocked, fluid backs up as in a clogged sink
astimatism
unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens leads to blurry images
hyperopia
light rays focus behind the retina- can see far objects well
myopia
distant objects focus in front of retina rather than on - can see near objects
color blindness
lack of 1+ cone type - common in males
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva usually from bacteria or infection
Endocrine system
Function: maintain homeostasis
2 MAJOR GLANDS:
exocrine glands: secretes products into ducts
pituary, thyroid, parathyrad, adrenal, pancreas, pineal
endocrine glands: secretes products into body fluids to affect target cells
Hormones:
steriods, amines, peptides, proteins or glycoproteins
steroid- made from cholesterol, receptors in target nucleus cells (passes cell membrane)(make proteins)
nonsteroid- receptors in target cells membranes
prostaglands- affect organ in which they are produced
disorders of endocrine system
Hypothyroidism
imbalance of GH
gigantism- children grow up to 8ft, large hands, feet, face
dwarfism- hyposecretion, child=pituitary, grow up to 4ft
graves disease
autoimmune disorder, causes hyperthyroidism, large thyroid
Hyperthyroidism
high metabolic rate, rapid heart beat, weight loss, nervousness
goiter
thyroid needs iodine to produce T3 & T4, lack=swelling of thyroid
diabetes
type I: beta cells don't make insulin, blood sugar is high(900mg/dl+), cells burn fat, damage nerves
type II: insulin resistant, cells don't respond to insulin.. later decreases, 80% overweight
cushings disease
too much cortisol for long period of time, "buffalo hump" , causes: tumor, or overuse of steroids
under-active thyroid