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Eye and the Endocrine System (names of hormones and their target organ and…
Eye and the Endocrine System
Diseases associated with the eye
Cataracts
Clouding of the lens that causes the world to appear distorted. The lens can be surgically removed and replaced by an
implant.
Glacoma
Drainage of aqueous humor is blocked and fluid backs up. Pressure in the eye increases to dangerous levels and
compress the retina and optic nerve causeing loss in peripheral
vision and can lead to blindness.
Astigmatism
Unequal curvatures in parts of the cornea or lens.
Hyperopia
Parallel light rays from distant objects are
focused behind the retina. Can see distant objects well but close objects appear blurry. Correction requires convex corrective lenses.
Myopia
Distant objects are focused in front of the retina. Can see close objects well but distant objects appear blurry. Correction requires concave corrective lenses.
Color Blindness
Congenital lack of one or more cone type. Inherited as an X-linked condition.
Conjunctiveits
Inflammation of the conjunctiva usually from bacteria or viral infection.
Diseases associated with the endocrine system
Hypersecretion of GH
In children results in.
Hyposecretion of GH
In children results in dwarfism.
Hyperthyroidism
Under-active thyroid. Symptoms are: fatigue, weakness, weight gain or difficulty losing weight.Can cause cretinism.
Hypothyroidism
May be genetic or caused by tumor on thyroid.
Graves Disease
Autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism
Goiter
The thyroid needs iodine to produce T3 and T4. Lack of iodine can lead to goiter.
Diabetes Mellitus
Beta cells don’t make insulin leading to blood sugar being too high.
Type II Diabetes
Body produces insulin, but the cells do not respond to it.
Cushing's Disease
Too much cortisol in your body for a prolonged period of time. Causes tumor on pituitary, lungs, pancreas, kidney, or adrenal cortex;
Major functions of the endocrine system
Maintain homeostasis in the body.
names of hormones and their target organ and functions of the hormones
Calcitonin
Blood
Matains vital horrmostatic balance of callcium ions.
Parathyroid Hormoned
Blood
Stimulates osteoclasts to dreakdown calcium .
Thyroid Hormone
Cells
Regulates body motabalism.
Cortisol
Protines and Lipids
Breakes down protine and lipids to produce glucose.
Oxytocin
Uterine
Aldosterone
mineral ions
Regulates the conection of mineral ions.
Antidiuretic Hormone
Kidneys
Prevents water loss by increasing up-take.
Epinephrine/ Norepinepherine
blood
Increases the flow of blood to the brain and pancries.
Luteinizing Hormone
gonads
Produces sex hormones.
Insulin
cells
Lowers blood sugar levels.
Follicestimulating Hormone
Follicle cells
Glucagon
muscle and liver cells
Raises blood sugar levels.
Prolactin
Mammary glands.
Stimulates mammary glands.
Testosterone
muscles, bones, sex organs, and hair follices
Controlls growth and development of sex organs in males.
Estrogen
Female development
Primary female sex hormone.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Adrenal cortex
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce hormones.
Progesterone
Activa in females during ovulation and pregnacy when it matains appropriate conditions in the body.
Thyroidstimulating Hormone
Thyroid gland
Stimulating The thyroid gland.
Melatonin
Human sleep cycle
Regulates sleep cycle
Growth Hormone
Cells throughout the body
Make you grow.
Thymosin
Fetal development
Major structures and
functions of the eye
Sclera
Whites of the eye that forms outer covering.
Cornea
Transparent membrane that covers iris and pupil. Focuses light on the retina.
Pupil
Passes different amounts of light.
Iris
Colored part of the eye that controls the size of the
pupil.
Aqueous Humor
Nutritious fluid between the iris and the cornea.
Ciliary Muscles
Produces aqueous humor and controls lens shape.
Lens
Bends light rays to the retna.
Retina
Full of light receptors.
Vitreous Humor
Transparent jelly-like fluid that fills the eye and refracts light.
Optic Nerve
Sends messages from the retna to the brain.
Blind Spot
Area where optic nerve attaches.
Choroid Layer
Provides the blood supply to the eye.
Major glands/organs and their functions
Thyroid Gland
Controls the rate the body produces energy.
Thymus Gland
Serves a vital role in the development of T cells.
Pineal Gland
Produces melatonin.
Adrenal Glands
Secretes hormones which have important effects on the way energy is stored and food is used.
Pituitary Gland
Releases many hormones which affect growth, sexual development, metabolism and human reproduction.
Pancreas
Excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in food, and secretes insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels.
Parathyroid Glands
Control the level of calcium in the blood.
Ovaries
Produce the female sex hormones that control reproduction and the female gametes that are fertilized to form embryos.
Testes
Responsible for the production of sperm cells and the male sex hormone testosterone.
Hypothalamus
Controls vital bodily functions: hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormone secretion.