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The Eye and Endocrine System By:Angelica Hernandez p.1 (Structure and…
The Eye and Endocrine System
By:Angelica Hernandez p.1
Structure and Functions of the Eye
Scelera- "White" part of the eye
Choroid- dark pigment layer
Cornea- transport covering
Pupil- opening that lets light into the eye
Iris- circular muscle: controls the size of pupil/ visible part of eye
Lens- focuses light rays into fovea
Ciliary body- controls shape of lens
Aqueous humor- water fluid behind cornea
Vitreous humor- jelly-like fluid maintains eyeball shape
Retina- layer of sensory receptor cells
Rods- low light
Cones- bright light
Fovea- sharp focus of pupil /visible part of eye
Optic disc- no receptors, receptors connect to optic nerve
Conjunctiva- covers the front surface of sclera and lining the eyelid
Imbalances of the Eye
Cataracts- clouding of the lens
Myopia- can see close objects well but distant objects appear blurry
Astigmatism- unequal curvatures in cornea/lens
Hyperopia- can see distant objects well but objects close appear blurry
Color blindness- inability to perceive colors due to defective cones
Conjunctivitis- inflammation of the conjunctiva usually from bacteria or viral infection
Major glands/organs and their function & Names of hormones and their function
Disorders of the Endocrine System
Gigantism- hypersecretion of GH
Dwarfism- hyposecretion of GH
Goiter- swelling of the thyroid
Graves disease- autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism- causes by tumor on the thyroid
Hypothyroidism- under-active thyroid; can cause dwarfism
Crushing disease- too much cortisol
Diabetes Mellitus (Type I Diabetes)- beta cells don't make insulin leading to high blood sugar
Type II Diabetes- body produces insulin but cells don't respond to it
