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Mechanisms (3. Rotary motions mechanisms (3.7 Pulleys trains with belts…
Mechanisms
1. Mechanisms
Around us we can find many objects and mechanisms that produce movement
Entertaining children in the park
Lifting and carrying objects
Telling the time
Transporting people
Storing energy
2. Linear motion mechanisms
2.2 Fixed pulleys
A fixed pulley is balanced when the effort F is equal to the resistance of the load, R: F=R
2.3 Movable pulley
A moveable pulley is balanced when it satisfies this equation.
F = R/2
2.1 Levers
A lever is a rigid bar that is supported by a fulcrum: F · d= R · r
Class 2
Class 3
Class 1
2.4 Compound pulleys
This is a system of fixed and moveable pulleys, often called block and tackle
3. Rotary motions mechanisms
3.3 Gear mechanisms and cogwheels
Cogwheels are sets of wheels that have teeth called cogs
3.2 Pulleys with belt
They consist of two pulleys or wheels that are a certain distance apart. Their axles are parallel and they rotate simultaneously due
to the effect of the belt.
3.5 Gear mechanisms with a chain
These are two cogwheels with parallel axles that are a certain distance apart, they rotate simultaneously by means of a metal chain or a toothed belt stretched over both wheels. :
3.1 Friction drives
Friction drives are made up of two or more wheels that are in contact. When the first wheel moves, it turns or drives the second or output wheel, causing it to move as well.
3.4. Worm gear
This is a screw that moves a helical cogwheel that is set perpendicular to the screw.
3.6 Gear train
This is a system of more than two gears, connected together as shown in the diagram. The rotary motion of the first wheel drives
the second wheel and so on.
These mechanisms transmit motion and effort in a circular way, from the input to the output
3.7 Pulleys trains with belts
Constant system: velocity remains constant
Reducing system: velocity is reduced
Multiplying system: velocity is increased
