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5.2 Extinction and protecting species (Treaties & laws to protects…
5.2 Extinction and protecting species
Extinctions
Background extinction rate: the normal rate of extinction that happen due to natural (non-human) causes
Scientist estimate that the background extinction rate typically amounts to a loss about 1 species per year for every 1 million species living on earth
extirpation is a local extinction: the species still exists, but not in the area you are talking about. Extinctions are permanent, new species still exists may one day arise slowly
-evolution does not or decrease biodiversity -speciation increase biodiversity - extinction decrease biodiversity
General speciation rate is faster than extinction rate- biodiversity increases over time
5 Mass Extinctions
The extinction of many species in a relatively short period of geologic time is called a mass extinction. Geologic, fossil and other records indicate that the earth has experience five mass extinction, 50-90% of the species present at the time went extinct
What could cause mass extinctions?
global changes in the environment conditions: too fast for species to evolve and adapt Ex. global warming/cooling, changes in the sea levels, volcanic eruptions, large asteroids, and competition
Human-caused extinctions
current extinctions rates are higher than background rates
Scientific evidence shows that extinction has increased in the human population has grown and spread over most of the globe
Species are becoming extinct at least 100 times faster than in pre-human times.
Treaties & laws to protects species
Treaty: international laws
Establishing and enforcing national environmental laws and international treaties can help to protect ecological services and species
IUCN & THE RED LIST
: international union for the conservation of nature is an organized network of scientist, NGO, and government authorities that assesses the vulnerability and status of species and habitat
CITES
: bans the haunting, capturing, and selling of threatened or endangered species
Convention on Biological diversit
y: reduce the rate of extinction by focusing on whole ecosystems and sustainability on a global scale
The Us Endangered Species Act
: identify and protect endangered and threatened species in the US. Protect any habitat that is critical to any endangered or threatened species
Wildlife Refuges
Protecting species ex situ
Seed banks and botanical gardens
: preserve genetic information and the seeds of endangered plant species (svalbard global seed vault)
Wildlife farms
: breeding animals for commercial purposes, can help reduce hunting in the wilds, some species can be released to boost wild population, education programs
Zoos & aquariums
: they preserve some critical endangered animal species. the long-term goal is reintroduce the species into protected wild habitats
Species
Some species are more vulnerable to become extinct for various reasons
Don't breed frequently (k-strategists)
Specialist, rare
high trophic levels, living in small range
Commercially valuable