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Emphysema
PINK PUFFER (Clinical Signs
and Symptoms (Xray: hyperinflation…
Emphysema
PINK PUFFER
Etiology
Irreversible destruction of the alveolar walls causing enlargement of the distal air spaces, collapse of the small airways, air trapping, and hyperinflation
Pathophysiology
weakening of the distal airways, primarily the respiratory bronchioles.
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Diagnostic
Tests
Chest XRAY: Translucent lung fields, depressed or flattened diaphragms, long or narrow heart, increased retrosternal air spaces.
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ABG: Acute respiratory alkalosis (Mild to moderate)
Compensated respiratory acidosis ( Severe stages)
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Differential Diagnosis
Bronchiectasis: Chronic production of copious sputum: purulent, coarse crackles, and clubbing.
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Differentiated form other diseases presenting with cough, SOB, and tachypnea
Congestive heart failure: Orthopnea and paroxysmal dyspnea that is nocturnal with fine basal crackles and typical findings on upper body radiographs.
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