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The Eye and the endorcrine System (Anatomy of the Eye (pupil - opening…
The Eye and the endorcrine System
why sense ?
stimules
--->
nerve impules ---> sent to brain --->cerebral cortex ---> peraph
Nervous
neurotransmitter
very brief unless neuronal contines
second (speed of onset )
Receptors on postsynaptic cell
General Receptors
mechanoreceptors
- respond to change in shape of propriceptors
Propriocetors
- skeletal respond
General Types of Hormones
nosteriod hormones
- this triggers a cascade of reactions inside the cell called signal transduction
Prostaglandins
- usually affect the organ in which they are produced
steriod hormones
- made from cholesterol can pass through cell membrane
negative feedback system
- mechanisms control hormonal releases and a gland is sensitive to the concentration of the substance it regulates of which reqilates it ( too high or too low)
Anatomy of the Eye
pupil
- opening that lets light into the eye
Iris
- makes the color of your eye
ciliary body
- controls shape of lens
choroid
- dark pigment layer
retina
- layer of sensory receptor cells
Aqueous humor
- water fluid behind cornea
Lens
- focuses light rays onto fovea
vitreous humor
- jelly like fluid maintains eyeball shape
Retina
Rods
- low light ( black / white)
Cones
- bright light ( colors)
Homeostatic Imbalances
cataracts
- clouding of the lens that causes the world to appear distorted as if seen through frosted glass
glaucoma
- damage to the optic nerve cause progressive loss in peripheral vision and can eventually leads to blindness
astigmatism
- unequal curvatures in different parts of the cornea or lens leads to blurry images
hyperopia
- occurs when the parallel light rays from distant objects are focused behind the retina
myopia
- focused in front of the retina than on it
Color Blindness
& Conjunctives
inherited as an x - linked condition, more common in male than female
inflammation of the conjunctiva usually from bacteria or viral infection
Endocrine System
to communicate with cells usig chem called hormoes
epithelia and others
hormone
receptors on target cells
second to hours ( speed of on set )
may be orief or may last of days even if secretion ceases
Imbalance of GH
hypersecretion of GH
- anterior pituitary TUMOR and in children reults = GIGANTISM but in adults it result as acromegaly which means overgrowth of hands, feet, face
Hyposecretion of GH
- children results = pituitary dwarfism
Adults usually causes NO PROBLEMS
Hyperthyroidism
- High metabolic rate,
rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and nervousness
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