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Tema 3: GeH (2. Industrial raw materials (Geological (Minerals (Metals,…

- - - - Food, clothing items and drugs
  - - - Canning and oil production and clothing items
  - - - Metals
      - Non-metallics
- - - - Petróleo
      - Carbón
      - Gas natural
    - - Fisión
      - Fusión
  - - - Indirecta
        
        Hidráulica
        
        Eólica
        
        Biomasa
      - Directa
        
        Térmica
        
        Foto-voltáica
    - - Mareomotriz
      - Geotérmica
- - - - Heavy industry: semi-finished products (iron and steel)
      - The capital goods industry transforms semi-finished products into equipment needed by other industries (machinery, industrial equipment) or for transport and construction
      - The consumer goods industry manufactures products intended directly for consumers (textiles, food, etc.)
    - - Heavy industry processes large quantities of hevy, raw materials
      - Semi-heavy industry works with raw materials on a smaller scale
      - Light industry uses lightweight materials
    - - Low technology or traditional industries
      - Mature technology, which has achieved its maximun technological development and become stagnant
      - High-tech industries that are today undergoing major expansion
    - - Small (-50 workers)
      - Medium-sized (50-250)
      - Large (+250)
- - - - The most widely used energy sources and the most highly developed (coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear fission energy, including hydroelectric energy)
- - - - Until the 18th century, artisans undertook industrial labour by hand using traditional tools and low-power energy sources (human or animal strenght or wood burning).
        Manufacturing took place in small workshops. The final products were unique, expensive and scarce; they were sold on the local market. Industry concentrated on basic sectors (clothes, shoes, everyday items).
        The location was widely distributed, as there was no distinguishable industrial landscape; but many artisans preferred to establish themselves in cities, where the members of different trades congregated on specific streets, giving rise to urban spaces specialised in weaving, metalworking, tanning, etc.
    - - It began in Great Britain with the First Industrial Revolution (1770-1850), and continued during the Second Industrial Revolution (1850-1950). Industrial labour went to be carried out by machines powered by more powerful energy sources (steam engines, which were coal powered in the 1st I.R., and electric motors and piston engines powered by electricity and petrol in the 2nd I.R.)
        Manufacturing was focused in large mills or factories. Lots of workers made just one part of a product. The resulting products were abundant, cheap and homogenous, and sold on distant markets. Industrial activity was centred around the iron, steel and textile sectors, but it gradually diversified.
      - Location and industrial landscapes
        
        During the First Industrial Revolution, industries were located near mining regions or other sources of energy, or else in ports and cities, near train stations. The industrial landscape was marked by tall, brick factory chimneys, unsanitary housing for workers and railways. The pollution created "the black country".
        
        During the Second Industrial Revolution, there was greater flexibility in the choice of location. Ports attracted oil refineries, chemical industries and dockyards, while industries that preferred to be near costumers were clustered on the outskirts of cities. The characteristical industrial landscape were industrial estates.