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Eye and Endocrine System Divine Trujillo, Period 5 (Major structures &…
Eye and Endocrine System Divine Trujillo, Period 5
Major structures & functions of the eye
Sclera~ white part of the eye
Choroid~ dark layer under sclera
Cornea~ transparent cover
Pupil~ lets light into eye
Bright light~ pupil becomes small
Dim light~ pupil becomes big
Iris~ controls size of the pupil (colored part of eye)
Lens~ light rays onto fovea
Ciliary body~ controls shape of lens
Aqueous Humor~ fluid behind cornea
Vitreous Humor~ maintains eyeball shape (jelly)
Retina~ layer of sensory cells
Rods~ Low light
Cones~ Bright light
Fovea~ depression w/ high concentration of cones
Optic Disc~ no receptors, connect w/ optic nerve
Conjunctiva~ covering front layer of sclera and lining the eyelid
Mechanoreceptors~ respond to change of shape receptor
Proprioceptors~ respond to muscle tension
Binocular Vision~ sends slightly dif. info to C.C
Diseases of the eye
Glaucoma~ damage to the optic nerve that can lead to blindness
Cataracts~ clouding of the lens
Astigmatism~ unequal curvatures
Hyperopia~ close objects appear blurry (behind retina)
Myopia~ distant objects appear blurry (Front of retina)
Color blindness~ inability to perceive colors
Sex linked
Conjunctivitis~ inflammation of conjunctiva due to virus or infection
Major functions of the endo. system
Negative feedback loops~ regulates substance
secrete hormones
act on specific target cell
has 2 glands
endocrine~secretes to affect target cell
exocrine~ secretes into ducts
communicate w/ hormones
regulate metabolic processes
affect specific target cells
Major organs/gland functions
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
Melatonin~ stimulates photo receptors to cause drowsiness
thyroid gland
Calatonin~ reduce concentration of Ca ions
TH~ regulates body metabolic rate
parathyroid gland~ stimulates to break down calcium; triggers return
kidney~ secretes the hormones
pancreas
Glucagon~ release glucose into blood stream
Insulin~ lowers glucose levels
adrenal gland
ovary(f)
Progesterone~ maintain support for a human fetus
Estrogen~ grows bones and 2nd sex characteristics
thymus~ train and develop during fetal & child development
Testes(m)
Testoserone~ growth, strength in bone & muscle
Hormones and their target organs w/ the function
Steroid Hormones~ specific protein
estrogen
Testosterone
aldosterone
cortisol
Non Steroid Hormones~ target cells membrane
Prostaglandins~ affect organ produced in
Amines
Thyroid hormones
epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Peptides
Antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin
thyrotropin releasing hormone
Proteins
parathyroid hormone
GH
prolactin
glycoproteins
Follicle-stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
Diseases w/ the endo. system
Hyperthyroidism~ genetic; causes nervousness, high metabolism, weight loss
Goiter~ swelling of thyroid
Graves Disease~ causes hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism~ under active thyroid
Cretinism~ dwarfism in adult body parts
Diabetes
Type I~ don't make insulin making blood sugar too high
Type II~ produces insulin but cells don't respond
Cushing's Disease~ too much cortisol
Imbalance of GH
Gigantism~ Hypersecretion of GH
Dwarfism~ hyposecretion of GH