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endocrine & eye (diseases associated with the endocrine system (graves…
endocrine & eye
major functions
hormones
growth
metabolism
disorders
hypothalamus
connect through the pituitary gland
major functions of the endocrine system
hormones diffuse into bloodstream, to act on specific target cells
made up of cells,tissues, and organs;secrete hormones into body fluids
there are 2 kinds of glands
endocrine gland (secrete products into body fluids to affect target cells)
exocrine glands (secretes product into dust)
diseases associated with the eye
conjunctivitis- inflammation of the conjunctiva usually from bacteria or virus inflammation
names of the hormones produced and their target organs along with functions of the hormones
hormones
steroids
amines
peptides
protiens
glycoprotiens
influence target cells even if they are present only minute (very small) concentrations
steroid hormones
cholesterol
lipid-soluble
pass through cell membrane receptors located inside the target cells (nucleus)
signals cells to make specific protiens
cause some desired reaction
non steroid hormones
receptors are in the target cell's membrane
triggering a cascade of in the cell-called signal transduction (cascade)
turns activates protien in cell.
can cause changes in cell
Prostaglandins
affects other organs in which they produce
variety of effects;
other contract smooth muscle
relax smooth muscle
stimulate secretion of other hormones or chemicals
might influence blood pressure and other affect reproductive physiology
major glands/ organs and their function
diseases associated with the endocrine system
graves disease
autoimmune system disorder causing hyperthyroidism
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency (causes swelling of the thyroid)
diabetes
disease where a person cannot produce insulin
hyperthyroidism
may be genetic or caused by a tumor on thyroid- too much thyroxine
diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes )
beta cells don't make insulin leading to blood sugar being too high ( normal is 80-120 mg-dL )
type 2 diabetes (insulin resistant/ adult onset)
body produces insulin, but cells don't reposed to it
Cushing's disease
too much cortisol in your body for a prolonged period of time
signs and symptoms of the diseases
diabetes
high can reach 900mg/dL or more
cells burn fat or protein instead of sugar
sugar leaked into urine
weakens immune system
can damage nerves
hyperthyroidism
intolerance to heat
fine straight hair
bulging eyes
facial flushing
enlarged thyroid
tachycardia
systolic BP (breast enlargement)
weight loss
muscle wasting
localized edema
finger clubbing
tremors
diarrhea
menstrual changes (amenorrhea)
symptoms
fatigue
weakness
weight gain or difficulty losing weight
can cause cretinism- dwarfism in which adult body proportions remain child-like
graves disease
exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
diffuse goiter (enlarged thyroid)
type 2 diabetes
eventually,insulin production decreases
80% of people with this forms overweight
cushing's disease
causes
tumor on pituitary, lungs, pancreas, kidney, or adrenal cortex
most common is overuse of corticosteroids in prescription medicine