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The industrial Revolution and the Working class political movements (The…
The industrial Revolution and the Working class political movements
The Industrial Revolution
process through which technological advances led to dramatic economic changes.
industrial capitalism emerged.
almost 100 years.
The class based society
people's status depended on their wealth
and their job,
ORIGINS
late-18th century
revolutions.
French Revolution abolished the
privileges of the nobility and the clergy.
power bourgeoisie and new social group formed: the
working class.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
CLASS-BASED
class determined by their wealth
society was more open:
citizens were equal before the law.
Society divided into three groups:
upper class:
wealthiest people
middle class:
small-scale merchants
working class:
proletariat.
working-class movement
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
Wealthy bourgeoisie:
higher standards of
living
Working class:
terrible working and living conditions.
Wages too low
everyone worked
They worked between 14 and 16 hours a day.
Child labour was common.
Lack of safety and hygiene
Workers had no rights.
Workers did not have the right to protest or
strike,
THE ORIGINS OF WORKING-CLASS POLITICS
protests against the factory owners
early 19th century the proletariat in Great Britain began to organise itself
Luddites (1811):
factory workers protested by destroying machines
Trade unions (1830s):
associations of workers in the same industry,
Chartist movement (1838–1848):
demanded political reforms
working-class movement
forced to concede some of their demands:
Higher wages
Shorter working days
Shorter working days
Better safety and hygiene
ban on child labour
Political reforms
Freedom of association
right to strike and protest
Universal manhood suffrage
Working-class representation in Parliament
Revolutionary ideologies
Marxism
ideology developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels.
Principles to achieve a communist society:
Class struggle:
dictatorship of the working classes:
communist economy:
communist society:
Anarchism
Pierre Joseph Prudhon,
Main principles:
Individual freedom:
each citizen should represent him or herself,
Abolition of private property:
The International
leaders of workers' organisations from various
European countries began to meet
First International
London in 1864.
trade unionists, anarchists and Marxists.
objective was to coordinate workers' action all over the world.
encourage the collective ownership
1876 the First International was dissolved
various
disagreements between Marxists and anarchists.
Second International:
Paris in 1889.
eight-hour working day
Only included socialist parties,
dissolved when the First World War began in 1914.