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Chapter 2:Thinking Like a Researcher (Concepts, Constructs, and Variables,…
Chapter 2
:Thinking Like a Researcher
Proposition
:pencil2: a tentative and conjectural relationship between constructs that is stated in a declarative form. An example of a proposition is: “An increase in student intelligence causes an increase in their academic achievement.”
Propositions are associations between abstract constructs, they cannot be tested directly.
:silhouettes:
Model
:pencil2: a representation of all or part of a system that is constructed to study that system
Theory
:pencil2:a set of systematically interrelated constructs and propositions intended to explain and predict a phenomenon or behavior of interest, within certain boundary conditions and assumptions.
Concepts, Constructs, and Variables
Classifications
Moderating
:check:
Influences the relationship between independent and dependent variables
Mediating
:check:
Explain dependent variables.
Independent
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Often controlled or adjusted accordingly, they explain other variables.
Dependent
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Explained by independent variables.
Control
:check:
Remains the same
Example 1
:star: INTELLIGENCE (Independent Variable)
:unlock:
Effort (Moderating Variable)
Academic Achievement (Mediating Variable)
Earning Potential (Dependent Variable)
:warning:
Concept
: generalizable properties or characteristics associated with objects, events, or people.
:warning:
Construct
: an abstract concept that is specifically chosen/created to explain a given phenomenon.
:warning:
Variable
: a measurable representation of an abstract construct.
Hypotheses
:pencil2:The empirical formulation of propositions, stated as relationships between variables, a predicted outcome
:explode:Weak
:explode:Strong
:silhouette:Researcher
Unit of Analysis
:fire:Group
:fire:
SIMPLE
Refers to the person, collective, or object that is the target of the investigation
:explode:
COMPLEX
Determines who or what is being observed
:explode:Individual
