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22 year old male with testicular shrinkage (General Functions of the…
22 year old male with testicular shrinkage
Physiologic process that may explain his testicular shrinkage:
Lowering production of testosterone
Hormonal Imbalances
Down regulation of testosterone receptors
Keeps Abusing Steroids:
"Roid Rage"- Manic rage which involve episodes of aggression
Mood swings
Depression
High energy (Mania)
False Beliefs (Delusions)
Acne
Infertility
Hypogonadism; May be permanent
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General Functions of the Endocrine System:
Maintains homeostasis of blood composition & volume
Controls reproductive activities
Regulates development, growth, & metabolism
Controls digestive proceses
Two Kinds of Hormones & How They Affect Target Cells:
Lipid Soluble:
Nonpolar Molecules
Can pass through membrane
Hormone binds to intracellular receptors
Hormone-receptor complex
Water Soluble:
Polar Molecules
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Major Endocrine Glands, Their Hormones, & Functions of Those Hormones:
Hypothalamus:
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Stimulates release of FSH & LH
Anterior Pituitary:
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Release of Testosterone
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Specific Hormonal Pathway from Hypothalamus to Testes:
Hypothalamus
GnRH
Anterior Pituitary Gland
LH, FSH
Testosterone
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The Concepts of Feedback Loops & Up & Down-Regulation:
Positive feedback loops enhance or amplify changes; this tends to move a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable.
Negative feedback loops tend to dampen or buffer changes; this tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable.
Down & Up Regulation Concept
:
Down Regulation: Decreasing the number of receptors
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Stops Abusing Steroids:
Steroid Withdrawl
Mood Swings
Depression
Fatigue & Excessive Sleeping
Restlessness
Loss of Appetite
Insomnia
Decreased sex drive
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Potential effects of abusing anabolic steroids:
Heart problems
Atherosclerosis
Unwanted physical changes
Testicular shrinkage
Reduced sperm count
Why some may choose to abuse steroids:
Self-esteem
Boost muscle mass
Improve performance in sports
Muscles recovery
"Ripped" physique
Feedback Process:
Negative Feedback
Due to decreased GnRH, leading to less FSH & LH producing less testosterone & causing shrinkage of the testes.
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Background:
Upstream Cause:
Downstream Effects: