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Eastern/Central vs Western Europe (Successful: England, France,…
Eastern/Central vs Western Europe
Successful: England, France, Netherlands
from foreign trade, strong naives, well-defined borders, population satisfied with gov, more cities, modernization
Not successful: Austrian Empire, Russia ,etc
Prussia:disciplined army
Hohenzollern family (Brandenburg) acquired Cleves, Mark, Ravensburg, East Prussia, and Pomerania through inheritance
Frederick William the Great Elector organized it and created a royal bureaucracy
Frederick I got crowned by helping HRE
Frederick William I made General Directory, all gov departments under it
HRE renamed to Habsburg/Austrian
Got Netherlands
Leopold ruled, then Josoph I, then Charles VI
Charles VI had no son, he created the Pragmatic Sanction, to make sure that his daughter Maria Theresa would be safe ruling, but it failed
Italy finally left Spanish rule, but after War of Spanish Succession, Austria took control
Spain seemed powerful, but was bankrupt
Spain lost Netherlands, end of the illusions of Spain's Greatness
Denmark had a small revolution, taking nobility power after the Thirty Years' Wars
Christian V made a centralized administration with nobles as chief office holders
Sweden had a monarchy in conflict
Charles X, Christina's cousin (heir after Gustavus Adolphus) took throne, brought order ,stopped revolts against nobility
Charles XI weakened nobility power by getting money from them
Charles XI lost territory
The Ottoman Empire was mostly Muslim, it lost a lot of European territory, Europeans didn't ask Ottoman to trade anymore