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Communicative Language Testing (Concept (Communicative language-testing…
Communicative Language Testing
Concept
Communicative language-testing tasks began by the mid 1980s
In order for a particular language test to be useful for its intended purposes, test performance must correspond in demonstrable ways to language use in non-test situations.(Bachman and Palmer,1996)
Sampling of tasks for any assessment procedure needed to be validated by what language users actually do with language
Assessment field also became more concerned with the authenticity of tasks and genuineness of text
Strategic Competence by Bachman and Palmer(1996)
the ability to employ communicative strategies to compensate for breakdowns as well as enhance the rhetorical effect of utterances in process of communication
Bachman(1990) proposed a model of language competence
Organisational Competence
Grammatical Competence (Vocabulary, Morphology, syntax, phonology/graphology)
Textual Competence( Cohesion, rhetorical organisation
Pragmatic Competence
Illocutionary Competence
Ideational Functions
Manipulative Functions
Heuristic Functions
Imaginative Functions
Sociolinguistic Competence
Sensitivity to dialect or variety
Sensitivity to register
Sensitivity to Naturalness
Cultural References and Figures of Speech