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The Respiratory System (The composition of Air (Inhaled Air (Oxygen = 21%,…

- - - - Features that assist gaseous exchange at the alveoli when supporting aerobic exercise
        
        Large surface area provides a greater area for diffusion to occur over
        
        Moist, thin walls (one cell thick) reduce the diffusion distance
        
        Short distance for diffusion reduces the times it takes for diffusion to occur
        
        Vast number of capillaries increases the blood supply and oxygen supply
        
        Large blood supply increases the supply of gasses and therefore, increases the diffusion gradient
        
        Movement of gas from a high concentration to a low concentration
    - - Oxygen breathed in moves from an area of high concentration (in the lungs) to an area of low concentration (in the capillaries)
      - Oxygen combines with haemoglobin found in red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin
      - Haemoglobin also carries carbon dioxide
      - Carbon dioxide is taken to the lungs, passes through alveoli and is passed out
- - - - External
        
        Expiration
        
        Relax
        
        Inspirational
        
        Contract
        
        Changes during exercise
        
        More forceful contraction of intercostal muscles
      - Internal
        
        Expiration
        
        Contract
        
        Changes during exercise
        
        More forceful contraction of intercostal muscles
        
        Inspiration
        
        Relax
    - - Expiration
        
        Lower
      - Inspiration
        
        Rise
    - - Expiration
        
        Relaxes into dome shape
      - Changes during exercise
        
        More forceful contraction of the diaphragm
      - Inspiration
        
        Contracts and flattens
    - - Expiration
        
        Decreases
      - Inspiration
        
        Increases
    - - Expiration
        
        Increases
      - Changes during exercise
        
        Greater pressure difference between the lungs and environment
      - Inspiration
        
        Decreases
    - - Expiration
        
        The lungs
      - Changes during exercise
        
        Greater pressure difference between the lungs and environment
      - Inspiration
        
        The environment
- - - - The amount of oxygen in inhaled air will remain the same and in exhaled air will decrease, as more is used up during exercise
    - - The composition of carbon dioxide in inhaled air will remain the same and in exhaled air will increase due to its creation as a waste product of aerobic exercise
    - - The composition of nitrogen in inhaled air and exhaled air will remain at the same level as rest
- - - - There's an Increase in the amount of air inspired and expired when there's a change in exercise
      - It increases during exercise in order to supply more oxygen to the working muscles. It also allows more carbon dioxide to be removed.
  - - - There's no change in the largest volume of air when there's a change in exercise