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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS (CLASS…
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND THE WORKING CLASS POLITICAL MOVEMENTS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
began: Great Britain 1750
long and slow process
technological advances=economic changes
affected every sector of economy
agriculture - important than industry
industrial capitalism
CLASS-BASED SOCIETY
new form social organisation
replace estates system
status=wealth and job
ORIGINS
abolition privileges in French Revolution
more power to the wealthy bourgeoisie
because Industrial Revolution
the working class
after 18th century revolutions
CHARACTERISTICS
society more open
equality under law
status depended on wealth
social groups
Middle class
merchants
craftsmen
doctors
farmers
lawyers
civil servants
Working class
peasants
proletariat
Upper class
wealthy bourgeoisie
nobility
THE WORKING-CLASS MOVEMENT
ORIGINS
protests against factories owners
early 19th century Great Britain
Trade unions (1830s)
associations of workers in the same industry
mutual assistance
when accidents or injuries
demanded better conditions
used strikes
Chartist movement (1838-1848)
universal manhood suffrage
laws to protect workers
demanded political reforms
Luddites (1811)
destroying machines
felt replaced
death penalty for it
DEMANDS FROM THE WORKING CLASS
Political reforms
Freedom of association
Ban on child labour
Right to protest
Better safety and hygiene
Universal manhood suffrage
Shorter working days
Represenatation in the Parliament
Higher wages
No MPs property owners
INDUSTRIAL WORKING CONDITIONS
Working class
Child labour
No safety or hygiene
14-16h working / day
No rights in case of illnesses
wages too low
No right to protest
Wealthy bourgeoisie
education
healthcare
comfortable homes
holidays
REVOLUTIONARY IDEOLOGIES
19th century
defended worker's interests
ANARCHISM
supported
abolition capitalism
via social revolution
Principles
Direct action
individualism
no political parties
Abolition private property
society organised in communes
means of production :
owned by everyone
Individual freedom
people against limitation of freedom
no state or church
developed by
Mikhail Bakunin
Pierre Joseph Prudhon
MARXISM
communist society:
Abolition of private property
means of production
controlled by state (=proletariat)
Dictatorship of working class
NO class-based society
equal society without classes
Class struggle
proletariat against capitalist bourgeoisie
to gain political power
developed by
Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx
THE INTERNATIONAL
FIRST INTERNATIONAL
Trade unionists, anarchists and marxists
objective
coordinate worker's action
London in 1864
encourage collective ownership
International Workingmen's Association
1876
dissolved
various disagreements
Anarchists
violence
no state
trade unions
means of production controlled by workers
no political parties
Marxists
political parties
power in the state
strikes
state-controlled economy
socialist parties and trade unions
SECOND INTERNATIONAL
1st May
international worker's day
only socialist parties
wanted 8h working day
dissolved 1st World War
1914
Paris 1889
2half 19th century
leaders worker's organisations
began to meet
formed organisation= the International