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Growth and Division of the Cell (Division Phase of the Cell Cycle (Mitosis…
Growth and Division of the Cell
Cell Division in Algae
Nuclei
Unusual Mitosis
Intranuclear spindles
extranuclear spindles
Cytokinesis
After telophase
Phramoplast forms
dictyosome vesicle cell plate
and grows until it meets parental cell wall
Phycoplast
Mirotubules are parallel to new cell
and involved in wall formation
Division Phase of the Cell Cycle
Meiosis
Never used for growth of the body of the plant
Only reproductive cells
Grows into new adult zygote
Sex cells
Necessary for growth of organism gametes
Meiosis I
Metaphase I
Metaphase plate forms
Anaphase I
Centromeres do not divide
Homologous chromosomes separate
go towards opposite ends
Prophase I
Divided into 5 stages
Pachytene
Diplotene
Zygotene
Diakinesis
Leptotene
Process of Mitosis
Telophase I
Chromosomes are still doubled
G2 phase
Meiosis II begins
Cytokinesis
Phargmoplast
Short microtubules aligned parallel to spindle microtubules
Grow outward towards the wall of the cell
Cell plate
Phargmoplast
Vesicles
Walls
Division of protoplast
Meiosis II
Metaphase II
Short
Centromeres divide
Similar to metaphase in mitosis
Anaphase II
Separate chromosomes from replicas
Prophase II
Prepares nucleus for division
Telophase II
New nuclei are formed
Mitosis
Anaphase
Begins just after cohesion
Chromatids start to move to opposite poles of the cell
Telophase
Chromosomes are at opposite poles of the cell
Nucleolus forms around the chromosomes
New cell begins to form
Metaphase
Chromosomes move to the center of the cell
Chromosomes split through separase
Prophase
Nucleolus disappears
Spindles began to form
Chromosomes are condensed
Chromosomes are visable
Coil repeatedly
Duplication division
Genes began to separate
Genes are packed into their own nucleus
Genes are copied
Concepts
Cell Cycle
The life cycle of individual organisms
includes stages of initiations, growth, and death
Cell Cycle Arrest
When parts of plants reach their final form and stop dividing
Division of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
In-furrowing
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The plasma membrane pulls inward
and finally pinches in two
As the plasma membrane furrows inward
a new cross wall grows inward,
starting from the existing wall
Being pulled into two
Growth Phase of the Cell Cycle
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S Phase
Genes in nucleus are replicated
Genes
Unique sequence of nucleotides
Genome
Genes form chromosomes
Endoreplication
DNA replicates but does not divide
G2 Phase
cell prepares for division
Spindle microtubules are synthesized
Process for chromosomes splitting apart
G1 Phase
First stage after division
Recovering from division
Longest part of the cell cycle
G1, S, G2= Interphase
Less Common Types of Division in Plants
Karyokinesis occurs without cytokinesis
Coencyte
Cell has thousands of nuclei
Cell becomes large
Cell division without nuclear division
Nutritive tissue seeds
Fungi
Algae
multinucleate cells are formed
Cell Division of Prokaryotes
Cytokinesis is much more simple
Mitosis and Meiosis do not occur
Cytokinesis occurs by a process of In-furrowing
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Infurrowing is a process in prokaryotes and is in the division of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Have the same process of division
Cytokinesis is also part of the Division phase of the cell cycle
Growth phase is also in the Division phase
Cytokinesis is also the process of division in algae
