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The Canadian Health System (Evolutionary Dates Leading to Our Health Care…
The Canadian Health System
Evolutionary Dates Leading to Our Health Care System
1977: Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements and Established Programs and Financing Act
1984: Canadian Health Act
5 Principless
Public Administration
Comprehensiveness
Universality
Accessibility
Portability
1966: Medical Care Act
1995: Federal Legislation passed (i.e. consolidated federal cash to support health care, social services, post-secondary education etc.)
1957: Hospital Insurance Diagnostic Services Act
2003: Accord on Health Care Renewal
2004: 10 Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care
2007: Patient Wait Times Guarantees initiative
The Role of Government
Federal Government
Setting administering national principles which follows the Canadian Health Act
Provides financial support to provinces and territories
Provides funding to certain individuals
Provides delivery of primary/ supplementary services to certain individuals
Provides cash and tax transfers to provinces and territories
Provides Equalization payments to certain provinces (i.e. to the less prosperous)
Provides direct delivery to First Nations people
Primary care
Emergency services
community-based health programs
Non-insured health benefits
Health protection and regulation
Pharmaceuticals
Food
Medical devices
Disease surveillance and prevention
Instituted health-related tax measures
tax credits towards caregivers, medical devices and disability
Provincial and territorial governments
Services that are provided by doctors and additional health care professionals
Planning and implementation of health promotion and initiatives
Planning/ funding of care in health facilities
Negotiation of fee schedules with health professionals
Administration of health insurance plans
Offers supplemental benefits to certain groups
Low-income
Seniors
Drug prescription
Ambulance costs
Hearing, vision and dental care
Culturally safe
Visit the communities
Experience their environment
Understand their needs
Delivery of Health care Services
Primary Health Care Services
First point of contact with our health care system
Provides direct support of first contact with health care services
Provides support in the coordination of patients' health care services to help the continuity of care across the health system
Prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries
Provides basic emergency services (eg. referrals )
Provides coordination with other levels of care (eg. palliative care, health promotion and healthy child development)
Payments and fees
Doctors
Fee-for-schedules
Clinics and community centres
Alternative payment scheme
Nurses and other health professionals
Salary based
Secondary Services
Referral for specialized care such as hospitals or long-term care facilities
Operated by community boards of trustees, regional health authorities and voluntary organizations
Funded via annual and global budgets
May also be provided at home which is not covered by the Canadian Health Act
Additional (Supplementary) Services
Provinces and territories provide coverage to a selected group of people for health services that are not necessarily covered.
Seniors
Low-income
Supplementary health benefits
Prescription drugs (i.e. not associated with hospitals, dental care, visions etc.
Unqualified must pay out-of-pocket or through private services
Culturally safe
Involve culture, beliefs and traditions
Cultural competency, awareness, humility and sensitivity
Open-minded
Trends and Changes in Health Care
Primary Care
Traditional model
Trends/ Changes
Increased rates of chronic disease and baby boomers have influenced the health care system to implement new ways to deliver health care as well as provide quality health care (i.e. increase the capacity of available health care to ensure that the needs of Canadian are being met)
Concentrate on planning more community primary health care delivery
Health centres that provide on-call services or around-the-lock
Focus on implementing prevention, promotion and awareness programs to the public as well as health professionals/ providers
eHealth
Electronic/Advanced model
Trends/ Changes
Technology advancements have provided an alternative, innovative, sustainable and efficient delivery to health care
Concentrate on improving accessibility, services and quality
Focus on the use of health records electronically
Focus on integrated services between care providers
Wait Times Reduction
Provincial and territorial efforts to decrease wait times
Trends/ Changes
Increase training and hiring of health professionals
Expand ambulatory
Increase building/room capacity
Focus on implementing new management tools
Patient Safety
Record focused
Trends/ Changes
Focus on medical records (i.e. avoid errors)
Focus on planning new measures to ensure quality care and patient safety
The Role of Citizen Participation
Collaborate with members of the community
Practice culture safety (i.e. in Indigenous communities)
Involve all types of communities (i.e. poorer communities, cultural communities, LBGTQ+)
Better address inequities and SDOH
Focus on listening
Focus on acknowledging
Focus on understanding
Reduce discrimination and racism
Increase awareness
Accessibility to brochures, pamphlets and online resources
Demand improvement
Grab the public's attention
Grab the government's attention
Increase education
Public and school presentations
Other Actors
Health Professionals
Open-minded
Willing to learn new approaches to healing
Training
Explain how healing can differ
Explain why treatment should be specified
Explain why one treatment will work over the other
Explain the importance of practicing cultural safety, awareness, humility and sensitivity
Reduce discrimination and preconceptions
Encourage the building of trusting relationships