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Energy metabolism: Respiration (Types of respiration (Pentose Phosphate…
Energy metabolism: Respiration
Types of respiration
Heat-generating Respiration
Cyanide-resistant Respiration
Thermogenic Respiration
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
several intermediates that are phosphorylated 5-carbon sugars
Begins with Glucose-6-phosphate
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gives off carbon dioxide
involves oxidation's that produce NADPH
Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
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The Mitochondrial Electron transport Chain
The NADH Shuttle
Respiration that requires oxygen
The Citric Acid Cycle
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Respiration of Lipids
Beta-oxidation
Catalytic process with fatty acid molecules
broken down in the cytosol
generate acetyl-CoA
Citric Acid Cycle
In parkayotes
Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis
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Glucose broken down during this process
Also known as Embden-Meyerhoff pathway
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Integrated Metabolism
Photoheterotrophs
Conventional heterotrophs
Photoautotrophs
Lithotrophic autotrophs
Lithotrophic heterotrophs
Respiration does not require oxygen
Photorespiration
Photo-respiration only occurs when
Ru-BP carboxylase adds oxygen rather than carbon dioxide
to ribulose-1,5-biphophate
and one of phosphoglycolate
resulting in one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate
Environmental and Internal Factors
Lack of Oxygen
Oxygen availability
Quality of oxygen
Time of day
Temperature
Internal Regulation
Endogenous hormones
Emrbryo Maturation
Spongy Meosphyll
ATP production
Temperature
Oxygen can not diffuse as rapidly at high temperatures
At Temperatures lower than 5C, respiration decreases greatly
Respiration rate is double between the temperature of 5C and 25C
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Spirits
ethanol content above 20%
fermentation produces enough alcohol to raise concentration > 20%,
the solution is toxic to the yeast and they will die
Warnings
Fermentation of plant material produces ethyl alcohol
Drinking ethanol has beneficial/ harmful consequences
classified as a depressant
Wine
Wine is fermented fruit juices
Beer
Beer is made by fermenting:
Wheat
Corn
Barley
Rice
Starchy Cereal grains
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
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Pentose phosphate pathway
Yields only two NADPH per glucose-6-phosphate
Anaerobic gylcolysis produces
4 molecules of ATP
Thermogenic Respiration and Photo-respiration
Produce No ATP
Respiratory Quotient
Ratio
CO2 liberated to O2 consumed
Types of respiration are interrelated to Yield of respiration
Respiration is involved with the citric acid cycle
Anaerobic Glycolysis is within the Glycolysis cycle
Pentose Phosphate Pathway is in Glycolysis
Beta-oxidation is in the citric acid cycle
Anaerobic Respiration is involved in glycolysis
