Evolution of culture and society
Evolution
Development of plants, animals, etc. over many thousand of years (simple early form - advanced form)
Factors
Natural- Geological structure, hydrology, soil, climate, etc.
Historical and political- political relationship, legal systems, authority structure, etc.
Socio-economics- Social relations, tourism , ownership structure, etc.
Cultural- patterns of behaviour, traditions, ceremonies religion, etc.
Civilizational- technical invention, communication, tools, etc.
- Holticulture society
- Hunting and gathering society
12000 years ago
Characteristics
Family- primary institution
Nomadic
Small- Fewer than 50 members
High level of independence
Level division- based on sex, men hunt, women gather
Survive by hunting game and gathering edible plants
E.g- Amozanian people mostly stay at frozen tundra
Characteristics
Less nomadic
-leave an area only when the food supply was exhausted
-stay until soil was depleted
Family with more land are more wealthier, powerful
Hand tools are used to tend crops
Stay in most fertile areas
Middle east
Latin America
Asia
Could grow their own food
3.Pastoral society
Relies on domestication and breeding of animals
Regions
Deserts region of North Africa
Cannot support crops
Move
When grazing land ceases
- Industry Society
- Agriculture society
Characteristics
Written language and numbers began to be used
Develop 5000 years ago in the Middle East
Formed the basic structure of most modern society
Create cities
Greater size and inequality produce more conflict
Conflicts
Rich landowners struggle for even greater power
The government seek other markets for trade and greater wealth
Men acquired greater power over women
Gender inequality- hard and physically taxing work in the fields
Pre-evolution
Industrialization
Activity existed at the subsistence level
Goods produced for the consumption and survival of one's family group
Before machine manufacturing and mechanization
E.g. A farmer grew food for his family, not to sell at a market. Most people lived in rural farming societies rather than cities
Transform from a primarily agriculture society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and survices
Post evolution
No longer relies on heavy industry and manufacturing
Rural countryside to more industrialized cities
E.g. Urbanization
Offering of services
Focus on technologies
A manufacturing comprised of people working on construction, textiles, etc
E.g service sector- doctors, lawyers, retail workers, etc
Needs more college graduates with advanced knowledge
Invention of the plow and oxen, wheels- more cultivation of crops