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22 year old with testicular shrinkage. Fertility? Sex drive? (Background…
22 year old with testicular shrinkage. Fertility? Sex drive?
bodybuilder; anabolic steroids
frequency; dosage
Background
Hormone Type
Lipid soluble
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse through the plasma membrane to enter the target cell and bind to a receptor protein.
Water soluble
Water-soluble hormones bind to a receptor protein on the plasma membrane of the cell.
Hormonal pathway
Feedback loop/ receptors
Molecules involved
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic peptide that stimulates both the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone.
Somatostatin (SS) is a peptide produced by several tissues in the body, including the hypothalamus. Somatostatin inhibits growth hormone release in response to GHRH and to other stimulatory factors such as low blood glucose concentration.
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted from the stomach. Ghrelin binds to receptors on somatotrophs and potently stimulates secretion of growth hormone.
General function
Major endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroids
adrenals
pineal body
the ovaries
the testes
prolonged usage
unspecific to men
paranoid (extreme, unreasonable) jealousy
extreme irritability and aggression (“roid rage”)
delusions—false beliefs or ideas
impaired judgment
mania
kidney problems or failure
liver damage and tumors
enlarged heart, high blood pressure, and changes in blood cholesterol, all of which increase the risk of stroke and heart attack, even in young people
increased risk of blood clots
Specific to men
shrinking testicles
decreased sperm count
baldness
development of breasts
increased risk for prostate cancer
Continued steroid misuse can act on some of the same brain pathways and chemicals that are affected by other drugs, including dopamine, serotonin, and opioid systems.
terminate usage
withdrawl symptoms
fatigue
restlessness
loss of appetite
sleep problems
decreased sex drive
Still can have long term effects: cardiovascular toxicity, especially atherosclerotic effects and cardiomyopathy
hypogonadism persisting for more than a year after discontinuing
