Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
18th + 19th CENTURIES HISTORY PART 3 (Prison Reforms (before 1700 (prisons…
18th + 19th CENTURIES HISTORY PART 3
Bow Street Runners
established by Henry Fielding and his half-brother John Fielding in 1749
at first there were only six men, by 1800 there were 68
they were officially paid by the government and were the first modern detective force
Metropolitan Police
Why?
Sir Robert Peele saw that the mixture of BSRs and Watchmen was disorganised so he set up the Met Police Force in 1829 in London
Opposition
some were worried about their privacy and freedom and others thought it would be too expensive
Aims
the emphasis was deterrence, with patrol
to be better organised than the BSRs
Development
in 1856, the Police Act meant all areas now had a pro police force.
in 1869, the first national crime records
Prison Reforms
before 1700
prisons were used for holding criminals before trial/punishment. There was little funding from the government so there were bad conditions. Prisoners did pointless, spirit-breaking hard labour.
changing ideas
after a decline in capital crimes, prison became the main punishment method. People now believed criminals should be rehabilitated but also do hard labour to provide for society and deter. Rise in humanitarianism.
Elizabeth Fry
from the age of 18, she focused on providing reformation for female prisoners and ensuring female warders are employed to work with women and children. Overall, she helps to improve living conditions and education in prisons by writing campaigns for wider prison reforms.
John Howard
published 'The State of Prisons in England and Wales' to provide evidence for other prison reformers
Separate System
the prison act of 1839 preferred the new prisons to adopt the separate system. Prisoners were isolated, kept alone and worked on pointless machines such as the crank. The belief was that, with a lot of time alone, a prisoner would reflect, find God and be reformed
Silent System
inmates were forced to do boring, repetitive tasks in complete silence. By the end of the 19th Century, neither the separate or silent systems were working to reform - the rate of suicide was high
1865 Prisons Act
stated that prisons should be 'hard labour, hard fare and hard board'. This system didn't worl
Pentonville Prison
first building designed specifically as a prison, it was perioptic with 4 x 2 cells and had walls so thick that they couldn't be spoken through